Engineering Materials-I

Introduction to Engineering Materials:

• Materials science is an applied science,

which studies correlations between the
Compositions, Structures, and Properties of
engineering materials, including their
correlations.

• And materials science also teaches us what

to do to materials to get best use out of
them.
• Theoretically it is based on physics and
chemistry, but develops as an experimental
science.

•All materials obey the laws of physics and

chemistry in their formation, reactions, and
combinations.

• Materials engineering, on the other hand, is

concerned, with the design, fabrication, and
testing of engineering materials.

• E/m must fulfil simultaneously the dimensional

properties, quality control, and economic
• Today, thanks to continuous and
advanced development of materials
science the following problems are
successfully solved in different
engineering fields:
 saving materials
 Reduction of the mass
 Increase of reliability
 Accuracy
Serviceability of machines and
instruments, etc.
• What are materials?

 “Engineering materials are the

materials that make up the products,
structures, devices, and mechanisms
that we may use to maintain life and to
improve living conditions.

 Metals are key to structures and

machineries; plastics are invaluable in
packing, medical devices, consumer
goods, and even clothing.
 Ceramics are necessary for the electronics
that have become so much a part of our
lives. Composites use metals, plastics and
ceramics to make new materials with
properties superior to those of the
component materials”.

 There are so many types of engineering

materials, which are fashioned in many
different ways. Most of materials are gift of
nature and some of are man made. Preparing
engineering materials for engineering
purpose can be very expensive and difficult
task.
• Sometimes we can use natural materials
with little modification and less expense.

•Some of materials can be found easily and

few are rare.

 Brain storming

Look around. What do you see? Materials

are everywhere!

 List them and discuss.

E.g. Representative materials in fuel size
automobile; percentage of weight distribution
is as follows:
- Steel, 60%
- Iron, 17%
- Aluminium, 5%
- Composites, 5%
- Rubber, 3%
- Plastic, 3%
- Zinc, 2%
- Glass, 2%
- Copper, 1%
- Lead, 1%
- Also, 1% – Wood, Petroleum, Ceramics, Nickel,
- Etc.
 Time to discuss!!
We are constantly reminded that we live in a
world that is both dependent on and limited by
materials. Everything we see and use is made of
materials derived from the earth: cars, airplanes,
computers, refrigerators, microwave ovens, TVs,
dishes, silverware, athletic equipment of all types,
and even biomedical devices such as
replacement joints and limbs.
All of these require materials specifically tailored
for their application
 But materials are finishing with alarming
speed, what is better? [Say your solution]
• Selection of Engineering Materials:

Selection of engineering materials is one of

difficult tasks of engineers, machine
designers, tool makers, technicians and
other personnel who work correlated works.
Selection depends on:

1. Mechanical properties:
Hardness, Softness, Ductility, Malleability,
Rigidity, Tensile strength, Strength,
Elasticity, Plasticity, Wear resistance, Shear
strength, Fatigue strength, Toughness and
Impact strength
2. Physical properties:
Density, Colour, Magnetic property, Electrical and heat
conductivity, Melting temperature, Fusibility

3. Chemical properties:
Corrosion resistance, Resistance to acids,
Resistance to alkali and salts, And resistance to other
chemicals.

4. Dimensional- (size, tolerance, shape, micro

topography or surface finishing).

5. Commercial factors:
Cost, Appearance, Availability,
Ease maintenance and repairing, Easy to manufacturing
Factors affecting Engineering Materials:

• Heat treatment that the material received

during or after manufacturing,

• Composition, from which elements the

material is composed,

• Processing, cold working or hot working

process affects the material behaviour,

• Temperature, in which the material gives

service,
• Environment, in different
environments the material can be
affected in different degrees (for
example corrosion more attics
metal in marine than rural area);
Rusting of steel; Degradation of
plastics(ultraviolet content of sun
light makes plastics weak and
brittle); Dezincification of brass;
etc.
. Classification of Engineering Materials
alloying elements