Subject: ENSC 027

(Materials Science & Engineering)

Intro to Materials Science & Engineering

March 28, 2023

10:30 am – 12:00nn
12:30 pm – 2:00pm
 Materials Science and Engineering
What is Material Science and Material Engineering
Materials Science and Engineering (MSE):
• Is a combine engineering, physics and
chemistry principles to solve real-world
problems associated with nanotechnology,
biotechnology, information technology,
energy, manufacturing and other major
engineering disciplines.
 Materials Science and Engineering
What is Material Science and Material Engineering
Materials Science
• The study of the properties of solid materials, their
application on construction or manufacturing and how
those properties are determined by a material's
composition and structure.
Materials Engineering
• Concerned with investigating the properties of existing
materials and substances in order to create new
materials and items with enhanced chemical and
physical properties.
 Materials Science and Engineering
Engineering science
• Is an interdisciplinary field bridging the gap between
scientific theory and engineering applications.
• It emphasizes the integration of mathematical, scientific,
engineering and arts principles.

Engineering materials
• Refers to the group of materials that are used in the
construction of manmade structures and components.
• Its primary function of an engineering material is to
withstand applied loading without breaking and without
exhibiting excessive deflection.
 Materials Science and Engineering
• Strictly speaking, materials science involves investigating
the relationships that exist between the structures and
properties of materials (i.e., why materials have their
properties).
• In contrast, materials engineering involves, on the basis
of these structure–property correlations, designing or
engineering the structure of a material to produce a
predetermined set of properties.
• From a functional perspective, the role of a materials
scientist is to develop or synthesize new materials,
whereas a materials engineer is called upon to create
new products or systems using existing materials and/or
to develop techniques for processing materials.
 Materials Science and Engineering
Major classifications of engineering materials:
 Materials Science and Engineering
Major classifications of engineering materials:
1.Metallic
2.Non Metallic
2.1. Polymers
2.2. Ceramics
3. Composites.
1. Metallic materials:
• are inorganic substances, usually combinations of metallic
elements, such as iron, titanium, aluminum, and gold,
which may also contain small amounts of non-metallic
elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
 Materials Science and Engineering
Major classifications of engineering materials:
2. Non-metallic materials:
• are any materials, both synthetic and natural, which do
not contain metal. These materials are able to retain
their unique chemical properties during the machining
process.

3. Composite:
• These includes concrete, reinforced plastics, cement, steel
–reinforced concrete, and composite wooden beams.
• These materials are generally durable and strong.
 Materials Science and Engineering
Major classifications of engineering materials:
METALS
• Any of a class of substances characterized by high electrical and
thermal conductivity as well as by malleability, ductility, and high
reflectivity of light.
• Metals are the most commonly class of engineering materials
• Metals are composed of one or more metallic elements (e.g., iron,
aluminum, copper, titanium, gold, nickel), and often also non-
metallic elements (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, oxygen) in relatively small
amounts.
• The combination usually occurs through a process of melting,
mixing and cooling,
• The goal of alloying is to improve the properties of the base
material in some desirable way.
 Materials Science and Engineering
Major classifications of engineering materials:
Polymers (Non Metallic)
• Include the familiar plastic and rubber materials.
Many of them are organic compounds that are
chemically based on carbon, hydrogen, and
other non-metallic elements
Ceramics (Non Metallic)
• Are compounds between metallic and non-
metallic elements; they are most frequently
oxides, nitrides, and carbides.
 Materials Science and Engineering
Major classifications of engineering materials:
 Materials Science and Engineering
Main Categories of Metals:
1. Ferrous (contains iron)
2. Nonferrous (contains no iron)
3. Alloys (contains multiple metals and other elements)
Ferrous metals
Those metals that contain iron.

Non-ferrous metals
Do not contain iron.

Major distinctions in specialization is whether foundries

work with ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, or both.
 Materials Science and Engineering
Properties of Ferrous metals Example of Ferrous metals
1. More durable 1. Steel
2. Great Tensile Strength 2. Wrought Iron
3. Usually Magnetic 3. Cast Iron
4. Low Resistance to 4. Malleable Cast iron
Corrosion
5. Silver like color
6. Recylclable
7. Good Conductor of
Electricity
 Materials Science and Engineering
Non Ferrous metals
• Do not contain iron.
• They are softer and therefore more malleable
Properties: Example:
1. Easy to fabricate (including 1. Copper & nickel,
machinability, casting, and 2. Platinum & palladium,
welding) 3. Gold & silver
2. High corrosion resistance. 4. Cobalt & chromium
3. Good thermal and 5. Zinc & lead
electrical conductivity. 6. Bismuth & tin,
4. Low density. 7. Tungsten & tantalum
5. Non-magnetic. 8. Niobium.
6. Colourful.
 Materials Science and Engineering
Main Categories of Metals:
Alloys
• contains multiple metals and other elements
Examples of alloys:
• red gold (gold and copper)
• white gold (gold and silver),
• sterling silver (silver and copper),
• steel or silicon steel (iron with non-metallic carbon or
silicon respectively),
• solder,
• brass,
• bronze
 Materials Science and Engineering
Non Metals: Kinds of Polymer
1. Thermosetting polymer

• Often called a thermoset, is a polymer that is obtained by

irreversibly hardening ("curing") a soft solid or viscous
liquid prepolymer (resin).
• It is a material that strengthens when heated, but cannot
be remolded or heated after the intial forming.
• Curing is induced by heat or suitable radiation and may be
promoted by high pressure, or mixing with a catalyst.
 Materials Science and Engineering
Non Metals: Kinds of Polymer
2. Thermoplastics polymers
• It can be softened and melted by the application of heat,
and can be processed either in the heat-softened state.
(e.g. by thermoforming)
• Or in the liquid state
(e.g. by extrusion and injection molding).
• It can be reheated, remolded, and cooled as necessary
causing a chemical changes.
• Have low melting points while thermoset products can
withstand higher temperature without loss of its
structural integrity.
Materials Science and Engineering
 Materials Science and Engineering

Take Aways and Assignment:

1. Relax and Enjoy Studying
2. Don’t hesitate to ask questions
3. Solve Assignment Problems
4. Advanced Reading for next Topic
5. Pray……
6. Ingtaz….
 Materials Science and Engineering

That’s all for today class,

God bless
and see you next meeting…