CHAPTER7: HEAT TREATMENT

DJJ30113 MATERIALSCIENCE
MUHAMMAD ARIFF BIN SHUKEI TEY
11 D K M 1 9 F 1 0 5 5
HEAT TREATMENT OF STEELS
• Heat treatment Process can be defined as a controlled heating and cooling of metals to alter
their physical and mechanical properties without changing the products shape.
The
improve
machinabili
ty
Produce
hard
Refine
surface on grain
a ductile
interior size
The
Purpose Relieve the
Increase
resistance Heat stresses of the
metal induced
to wear,heat Treatment during clod
and
or hot
corrosion
working

Improve Improve mechanical properties such as

magnetic tensile strength,hardness
and electric ductility,shock resistance,resistance to
properties corrosion
HEAT TREATMENT CYCLE

Heating Soaking Cooling

• The metal product will • It is held at that • The metal then cooled to
be heated in a furnace,so temperature for a period room temperature.
that heating process will time until the internal • This can done in three
be in . structure changed cooling rates;slow
• The heating process entirely. cooling,normal cooling
begins from room • The length of soaking or fast cooling rate.
temperature and period in determined by • Different cooling rate
increased slowly to o the chemical producesa different form
predetermined composition,the size and of internal structure ,
temperature. shape of the metal hence produce metal
• This slow heating product. with different
process is to ensure the • If metal products are mechanical properties.
heating temperature is uneven in cross section,
maintained uniformly. the soaking period in
determined by the large
section.
HEAT TREATMENT PROCESSES
a) Annealing
• Annealing is heating the steel over the upper critical temperature and then cooling slowly.
• Slow cooling is achieved on a closed furnace by switching off the supply.
Improved ductility

Removal of
stresses that result
Grain refinement
from cold-working
or machining

Improved
machinability
b) Normalizing
• Normalizing is the process of raising the temperature to over 60C [108F] above line A3 or line
ACM fully into austenite range.
• The resulting material is soft.
• This process id considerably cheaper than full annealing.
• The main difference between full annealing and normalizing is that fully annealed parts are
uniform in softness.
c) Quenching
• In this process steels which contain sufficient carbon, and perhaps other alloying elements are
cooled [quenched].
• There is a range of quenching media of varying severity,water of brine being the most severe,
through oil and synthetic products to air which is the least severe.
THE EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON
STEEL
• Heat treatment change steel mechanical properties by changing its grain structure.
• Transform into a new structure call austenite.
• Procedure steel with different mechanical properties.
• If steel undergoes an annealing process, the steel is cooled down in a furnace.
• Transform from austenite to pearlite structure.
• Steel softness, toughness and ductility, thus easy to machine or to deform.
• Internal stress will be eliminated and reduce brittleness and hardness.
• Rapid cooling rate will increase hardness, brittleness and strength of steel, hence produce a very hard and brittle
structure.
• This steel that made from quenching process is called martensitic steel.
• Martensitic steel is characterized by an angular needle-like structure and very high hardness.
• Tempering relieves these stresses and causes partial decomposition of the martensite into ferrite and cementite.
 REVIEW OF PHASE TRANSFORMATION
FOR IRON-CARBON ALLOYS

Slow cooling
Pearlite
Moderate
Austenite cooling
Bainite

Rapid quench
Martensite Reheat
Tempered Martensite
THANK YOU