Mechanical Design I

FASTENERS
Fasteners are a group of machine elements that are used to join different elements together

We can find them in regular household appliances that we use in our day
to day life and the high tech products. Fasteners though not visualized by
us directly or even thought of, play a vital role in our day to day life. Be it
from, holding the chairs and tables we sit on; be it the automobiles we
travel; every inch of what we use is held in place by means of a Fastener.
Fasteners may be detachable or no detachable. Non detachable fasteners
are permanent joints that can not be removed and members or elements
that are fastened or joined with no detachable joints are permanently
attached to each other. A detachable joint that can be removed or
dismantled without the destruction or damage of the joint or the joining
components.
Non Detachable Joints: Rivet Joints
 Riveted Joints

H.W.: If thickness of plate is t and

rivet diameter is d, estimate the
tension load that the above riveted
plate can carry if plate is made out
of mild steel
Non Detachable Joints: Weld Joints
 Detachable Joints

Screws (Threaded Joints)

Keys
Knuckle and cotter Joints
Pins and Snap Rings
Threaded Joints

Fine and coarse threads

Standards????
 Bolt and Nut and Washer

L = Total 2D =Threaded
Shank Length Shank Length
Threaded Joints
Studs
 Stud assembly

Tap Bolt
Tap Bolts
Threaded Joints
 Bolts Strength

Assume: Each turn of the thread of the nut supports an equal share
of the load, stress concentration is neglected and that for standard
coarse threads dr = 0.80 do
The strength of bolt in Tension:

The Strength of bolt in Shear:

Where dr = minor diameter

h = height of the nut
d0 = Major diameter

H.W.: Prove that h=0.4 d

 Tightening – up Load for bolts and nuts

For Estimated the tightening - up load

Where F1 = initial axial load due to tightening-up

d = Nominal Diameter of bolt in inch
k = 16,000 psi
Keys
Flat Keys
Milling Keyways
Types of Keys

1 Flat Tapered Key

2 Flat TaperedKey
3 Gibhead Key
4 Woodruff Key
Design of Flat Rectangular Key
KNUCKLE JOINTS
Solid Works Drawing of Knuckle Joint
EXPLODED DIAGRAM OF A KNUCKLE JIONT
Forces Acting on Knuckle Joints
 Modes of Failure in Knuckle Joints

1. Failure of the solid rod:

2. Failure of the Knuckle pin in shear:

3. Failure of the rod end by shearing:

approximately

4. Failure by shearing of the fork ends:

 Modes of Failure in Knuckle Joints

5. Failure of eye in tension:

6. Failure of the fork ends in tension:

7. Failure of the rod end in compression by bearing against the pin:

8. Failure of the fork ends in compression by bearing against pin:

 Modes of Failure in Knuckle Joints

9. Failure of pin in bending:

Assuming that the pin is loaded as shown in Fig., the maximum bending
moment on the pin occurs at the midsection of the pin and is equal to
approximately:
 Modes of Failure in Knuckle Joints

therefore:
Cotter Joint
Snap Rings
Snap Rings
 Pins

Dowel pins
Tapered pins
Shear pins
Grooved pins
Safety pins