Hello!

I am Donna.

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 Ask yourself:
What is Bilingualism?
◇ Knowledge and use of two or more languages
◇ Presentation of information in two languages
◇ Need for two languages
◇ Recognition of two or more languages

◇ The use of two or more languages or dialects in

everyday life

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3
Extent of Bilingualism
 Describing Bilinguals
◇ Language Use and Language Fluency
Status at age 26
Daily La
La = English
Lb
Lb = French
Lc = German

Language
use

Lc
Never
Low High
4 Language fluency
 Describing Bilinguals
◇ Language Use and Language Fluency
Status at age 36
Daily Lc
La = English
La
Lb = French
Lc = German

Language Lb
use

Never
Low High
5 Language fluency
 Describing Bilinguals
◇ The Wax and Wane of Languages

La La = English
Daily Lc Lb = French
Lc = German
Le
(N)
Lb Ld = Spanish
Le = Swiss
Language
use
Ld
Lc
(N)

Never
Low High
6 Language fluency
 The Functions of Languages
La
Lb
& Lb Complementarity
Principle
La
Lb
& Lb
La “Bilinguals usually
acquire and use their
languages for different
purposes, in different
Lb La La La domains of life, with
different people. Different
aspects of life often
La La
require different
La
languages.”
& Lb
& Lc
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 Language Mode
◇ Which language ◇ Should other language be
should be used? brought in?

Base Language

No
La
(Monolingual
Mode)

Lb

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 Language Mode
◇ Which language ◇ Should other language be
should be used? brought in?

Base Language

La
Yes
(Bilingual
Mode)
Switch Language

Lb

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 Interacting with Bilinguals and
Monolinguals
BILINGUAL MONOLINGUAL
◇ Language Choice (participants, ◇ Minimal Code Switching
situation, content of discourse, and ◇ Interference (Static and
function of interaction
Dynamic)
◇ Code Switching
◇ Borrowing

Code Switch
Base Barrowing
Language
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 BICULTURALISM
An individual’s ability to interact competently in
two different or cultural systems.
◇ Taking part in the life of two or more cultures
◇ Adapt to the attitudes, behaviors, values,
languages, etc. of these culture
◇ Combine and blend aspect of cultures
involved.

◇ MONOCULTURAL MODE
◇ BICULTURAL MODE

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 Thanks!

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