Language Choice in

Multilingual
Communities
Language Choice

Communication in Multilingual Community

Loan
Code Diglossia
and Borrowing
Switching and Mixing
 Although most of the world's population can speak only one
language, a sizeable minority is able to communicate in two or
more……..
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 “Unconsciously, a decision has
750 million English Speakers to be made about which of
these languages is to be used.”

English as Second or
45% Third Language
55% English as First Language
 There are certain social factors a.k.a
domains that affect the user of language
when choosing the kind of language
such as :

W–T–F

1- who you are talking to,

2- the topic of discussion
3- the social function
EXAMPLE OF
MULTILINGUAL Meanwhile….
COUNTRIES :
1- Cameron: English and French (official)+
Cameroonian pidgin.

2- Chad: Arabic & French (official) +

English + more than 100 African languages.

3- Algeria: Arabic (official) + French+

Berber language (national language in the
constitution) + French (media, education and
business).

4- Egypt: Arabic (official) +English &

French and Egyptian Arabic.
 Highly
codified
dialect
(labelled “H”
or “high”

LOREM IPSUM Vernacular

language
(labelled “L”
or low)

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Diglossia is a situation in which two dialects or languages are used by a single

language community. It describes social or institutionalized bilingualism, where
two varieties are required to cover all the community’s domains.
 CRITERIA FOR DIGLOSSIA
Standarization Stability Phonology Prestige Lexycon Literature
Heritage

Seven Songs of
Playlist Played
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Grammar
n

Function
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Both diglossia and bilingualism: a situation when
almost everyone in the community knows both H and
L, and the two varieties are distributed in a manner
typical of diglossia.

Bilingualism without diglossia: refers to communities

with a large number of bilingual individuals, but
where there is no functional distinction between
language varieties.

Diglossia without bilingualism: a situation when there

exist two groups within a single political, religious,
and/or economic entity; one is a ruling group who
speaks only the H language, the other, normally a
larger group, has no power in the society and speaks
exclusively the L language.

Neither diglossia nor bilingualism: a small

linguistically isolated community does not have any
sort of functional differentiation or societal
bilingualism.

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Example of code Switching on Guruku Mr D’s video : Insert Image
 Example of Code Switching in Red Velvet’s Interview :

Insert Image
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Example of Code Mixing in Cinta Laura Kiehl’s Graduation Interview
:
LOAN AND BORROWING WORDS
it results from the lack of vocabulary and it
involves borrowing single words – mainly nouns.
When speaking a second language, people will often use a
term from their first language because they don't
know the appropriate word in their second language.

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loan and borrowing words example :
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