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18 Translation Techniques
of Molina and Albir

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English IndonesianTranslation
by:

Rhadani Sanjigandewi
Cicilia LeritzaTuga
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Ezekiel Benjamin Taffarel M.

AmaliaAngga Risti
Ruth Grace Felicia

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According to Molina & Albir (ibid., p.509), translation techniques

have five basic characteristic…

Functional Affect the result

of the translation
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Classified by
By nature discursive comparison with
and contextual the original

Affect micro-unit text

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1.Adaptation
The replacement of cultural element of ST to the
cultural or familiar word of TT.
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e.g. : ST: wolf TT: kancil

ST: snow white TT: putri salju
ST:head clothes TT: pengikat kepala

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2. Amplification
introducing details that are not formulated in ST by
adding some information to make the
translation clear and understandable.

e.g ST :Presiden Indonesia ke-7 akan

berkunjung ke Bali pada tanggal 2 Januari
2020.
TT :The seventh President of
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Indonesia, Ir.Joko Widodo will

visit on 2020,2 January.

ST :Jadi, sebagai contoh,ini adalah

jaringan mahasiswa.
TT :So,for example, here is a real
network of college students.

ST :First, it was musical.

M TT :Pertama, tulisan Paul bagai musik.
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3. BORROWING
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Taking a word or expression straight from

another language.
e.g : Pilot. ST: untuk mendapat sertifikat pilot .
TT:to get a pilot’s lisence.

Data ST: kita ingin data murni

TT: we want unadulterated data.

M Radar ST: Radarnya tidak pernah salah

TT:His radar was never wrong.
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4. CALQUE
It is literal translation of foreign word or
phrase and it can be lexical or structural.

For example:
SUBTITLE HERE

ST :The Ministry of Defense takes

responsibility for the terrorist attack in Jakarta.
TT :Menteri Pertahanan bertanggungjawab
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atas serangan teroris di Jakarta.

ANOTHER EXAMPLE :
- police academy : akademi polisi
-yoga class : kelas yoga

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5. COMPENSATION 6. DESCRIPTION
ST is given stylistic effect or element of uses description to describe word or
information in another place in the TT because it expression from ST which is not understood
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cannot be reflected in the same place as in the ST. in TT.

e.g:
ST: coconut cream pie ST: Rendang
TT: kue yang sangat berlemak TT: Spicy Coconut Beef

ST :A flock of bird ST: Gado-gado

TT: sekawanan burung TT: Mixed vegetables with peanut sauce

M ST : I’ll blow you up

TT : Saya akan meledakkan anda.
ST: Tempe goreng
TT: Fried Fermented Soybean Cake
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7. DISCURSIVE CREATION 8. ESTABLISH EQUIVALENT

establish a temporary equivalence which is totally
different, unpredictable, and out of context,
commonly used for translating book title or any sort
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applies recognized term or expression in dictionary
or language use as an equivalence in TT. The meaning
and style of ST are the same as TT.

of literary texts.
e.g :
e.g : ST : Cold
ST : Love is an open door. TT : Dingin
TT : Cintamu yang indah.
ST : Thank you, Doraemon
ST : Stand by me doraemon TT : Terima Kasih, Doraemon
TT : Tetaplah bersamaku doraemon
ST : I love you, Shizuka.
M TT : Aku mencintaimu, Shuzuki.
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9. GENERALIZATION
uses neutral or more general term. This technique is in
opposition to particularization.

e.g :

ST :Sawah,padi,beras,nasi
TT :Rice
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ST :Bajaj, becak,angkot
TT : Vehicle

ST : Gelang, kalung,anting.
TT : Accecories

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10. LINGUISTIC AMPLIFICATION 11. LINGUISTIC COMPRESSION

is used for adding linguistic elements. It is its use is for suppressing linguistic element to make it
frequently employed in consecutive interpreting and brief due to the consideration of time and space.
dubbing.

ST : Let it go
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e.g. : TT : Bebaskanlah
ST : Absolutely right!
TT : Ya, itu benar sekali! ST : Yes, so what?
TT : Ya terus?
ST : No way!
TT : Tidak mungkin! ST : It’s up to you.
TT : Bodo amat.
ST : My lord.
M TT : Ya Tuhan.
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12. LITERALTRANSLATION

is used to translate words, terms, or expressions word

for word,.
ST : Your smile as sweet as the honey.
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TT : Senyummu semanis madu.

ST : Killing two birds with one stone.

TT : Sekali mendayung dua tiga pulau terlewati.

ST : A friend in need is a friend indeed.

TT : Teman yang ada saat dibutuhkan adalah sebenar-
benarnya teman.

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13. MODULATION 14. PARTICULARIZATION

is employed to change the point of view, focus, the opposite of generalization, this technique
or cognitive category in relation to theTT. creates TT more specific, concrete, and
precise than ST
ST : Watch your step!
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TT : Awaslah! ST : Vehicle
TT : Becak, bemo,angkot.
ST : Nobody doesn’t like it.
TT : Semua orang menyukainya. ST : Dessert
TT : Coklat, kue, es krim.
ST : She isn’t smart enough.
TT : Dia terlalu lugu. ST : Accecories
TT : Kalung, gelang, cincin

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15. REDUCTION
opposed to amplification which signifies that it
suppresses information items of ST into
TT.

ST : I’ve been searching my whole life.

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TT : Seumur hidup.

ST : Have you had lunch?

TT : Sudahkah kamu makan siang?

ST : I have already had lunch.

TT : Sudah kok.

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16. SUBSTITUTION 17.TRANSPOSITION

used to substitute paralinguistic element
signs, gestures, etc into linguistic change grammatical categories.
element or vice versa. It is including shift of class, unit,
structure, and level/rank.
ST : desire (n)
ST : (shaking head) (Indonesian)
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TT : Tidak. TT : ingin (v)

ST : (noding head) (Indonesia) ST : peace (n)

TT : Iya, Mau, Boleh, etc TT : berdamai (v)

ST : (thumbs up) ST : janji (n)

TT : Bagus, pintar, etc TT : promise (v)
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LAST BUT NOT LEAST!

18. VARIATION
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change of linguistic or paralinguistic elements which affects

linguistic variation, such as style, changes of textual tone,social and
geographical dialect, etc

ST :The party talking or the chocolate fondue

TT :Sebabkan pesta ataupun makan coklat itu.

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Language are different for a reason.

You can’t move ideas between them
without losing something.
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A Fictional Character:Vikram the Vampire, from “ Alif the Unseen” by H. Willow Wilson