REBORN GROUP

Member:
• Irfan Maulana
• M. Renaldi Kusuma
• M. Abrar Aqsa
Adaption
It is makes a completely different meaning because we change the
culture in TT. Usually used on letters or subtiTTe in a movie or it can
be used in a word that have difference on the culture.

For example:
  In a letter:
ST: Sawah ST: Dear Mr/Mrs TT: Yang terhormat
   
TT: Field/rice field ST: Best regards TT: Hormat saya
 
Amplification
It is addition of detailed words or expression that is not exacTTy
mentioned in ST but used to make the tranSTation clearer.
For example:
ST: Nasi pecel ini enak sekali. 
TT: This Indonesian food pecel rice is very delicious.
 
ST: There are many Indonesian at the ship.
TT: Banyak warga negara Indonesia di kapal itu.
 
ST: Employees of all industries took part in the conference
TT: Karyawan-karyawan dari semua cabang industri mengambil
bagian dalam konferensi tersebut.
Borrowing
Is a technique to Translate with appropriate words or expressions from
TT as well as other language. This technique divided by two types,
pure borrowing and naturalized borrowing.

For example:
  Naturalized borrowing
Pure borrowing ST: Group
ST: Sandwich TT: Sandwich TT: Grup
ST: Mall TT: Mall ST: Telephone
ST: Zig-zag TT: Zig-zag TT: Telepon
ST: Goal
TT: Gol
 
Calque
It is a technique which is similar to borrowing but it can Translate
phrases literally (lexical or structual).

For example:

ST: council tax TT: Pajak dewan

ST: National education day TT: Hari pendidikan

nasional
ST: Secretariat general TT: Sekretaris jendral
Compensation
It is used for the difference between information and stylistic effects
by adding replacement term. This technique both the ST and the TT
have one thing in common that is not lost at all.

For example:

ST: Jika kau mencari tempat TT: If there is the place you’ve to go
Akulah orang yang tepat Im the one you need to know
Jika kau mencari lokasi If there is place you’ve to get
Akulah yang kau cari I can get you there, I bet
 
For example:

ST: She is my…. Girlfriend TT: Dia pacar…. Ku

ST: I was looking for you your higness TT: Saya mencari anda
yang mulia
Description
It is tranSTation techniques that use additional explanations in the
tranSTation.

For example:

ST: Rendang.

TT: Traditional food from Indonesian that made by beef with

traditional spice.
ST: Soto babat.

TT: Traditional food from Indonesian that made by cow offal

with traditional spice.

ST: Panettone.

TT: Kue tradisional Italia yang dimakan pada saat tahun baru.
Discursive creation
TranSTation techniques that use temporary equivalents that are far
from the original context. This technique often appears in the
tranSTation of film tiTTes, books and novels.
For example:

ST: Inside out

TT: Perubahan perilaku.
ST: Husband for a Year.
TT: Suami sementara.
ST: Si Malinkundang.
TT: A betrayed son si Malinkundang.
Established equivalence

use of terms that are common in the target language. This technique is
used based on the existing context.
For example:
ST: I see
TT: Aku mengerti.

ST: My mouth gets watered everytime I see burgers.

TT: Saya selalu ngiler kalau lihat burger.

ST: They are as like as two peas.

TT: Mereka seperti pinang dibelah dua.
Generalization
Translate a term with terms that are common and known to the wider
community. This technique is used when a term in the source language
refers to a specific part, where there is no equivalent in the target
language that refers to the same part.
For example:
ST: Penthouse.
TT: Tempat tinggal.

ST: It takes two hours for us to get to this city by car or train.
TT: Kami membutuhkan waktu dua jam untuk mencapai kota ini menggunakan
kendaraan darat.
ST: In my uncle farm,you can see goat or cow.
TT: di peternakan paman saya, kamu bisa melihat hewan ternak.
Linguistic amplification

Add unwritten information from the ST on the TT.

For example:
ST: everything is up to you!
TT: semuanya terserah anda sendiri!

ST: A : Max, your phone is ringing.

Max: I get it!
TT: Biar saya saja yang mengangkat telepon!

ST: Go?
TT: Apakah kamu mau pergi?
Linguistic compression

Decrease linguistic element from a sentence.

For example:
ST: You must find out!
TT: Carilah!

ST: This puppet will put a smile to their faces.

TT: Boneka ini akan membuat mereka tersenyum.

ST: Are you awake?

TT: Sudah bangun?
Literal tranSTation
literal tranSTation techniques that Translate literally. Literally, it
means that a tranSTation that is done using literal tranSTation
techniques will only Translate words. But in terms of meaning, the
message conveyed may not be conveyed.
For example:
ST: I will ring you.
TT: Saya akan menelpon Anda.

ST: Like father like son.

TT: seperti ayah seperti anak.

ST: Killing two birds with one stone.

TT: Membunuh dua burung dengan satu batu.
Modulation

This one technique requires a high level of creativity, because we are

required to see another point of view from a sentence.

For example:

ST : I cut my finger. TT : Jariku tersayat.

ST : My bread was eaten by him. TT : Dia yang makan rotiku.

ST : I broke my heart. TT : Saya patah hati.

Particularization

Particularization technique is a tranSTation technique that Translates

general terms into specific terms.

For example:

ST : Air transportation. TT : Helicopter.

ST : Water transportation. TT : Ship.

ST : Land transportation. TT : Car.

Reduction

Reduction techniques reduce the information in the source language.

For example:

ST : The month of fasting.

TT : Ramadhan.

ST : Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, is also known as The Big Durian.
TT : Jakarta juga dikenal sebagai The Big Durian.

ST : The month of Prophet Muhammad was born.

TT : Maulid.
Substitution

Substitution technique is a tranSTation technique by replacing

paralinguistic elements.

For example:

ST : He shakes his head. TT : Dia tidak setuju.

ST : He was pissing himself TT : Dia ketakutan.

ST : He smashed the table. TT : Dia marah.

Transposistion

The transposition technique is a tranSTation technique that is carried

out to change the grammatical structure, change the location of
adjectives or even change the plural form to singular with the aim of
adjusting or equating it with the structure of the target language.

For example:

ST : Musical instrument. TT : Alat musik.

ST : Frying pan TT : Wajan penggorengan.
ST : Handsome man. TT : Pria tampan.
Variation
Variation technique is a tranSTation technique used to Translate paralinguistic
elements, linguistic elements, style of language, and social dialects in the target
audience.

For example:
ST : I don' t know!
TT : Aku tidak tahu!

ST : "What do you mean?" said Aldi.

TT : "Apa maksudmu?" said Aldi.

ST : "Alright.." said Akbar.

TT : "Baiklah.." ucap Akbar.
THANK YOU