Assignment no.

01
Submitted by: Hajra Bibi
Roll no: 19011517-007
Program: BS-CeLTS(7th semester)
Course: Practical Translation
Submitted to: Ma’am Faria Shaheen
Submission Date: 03-01-2023
 Module 1

Word-for-Word
A word for word translation goes by each word, disregarding context, and just translating the
words. Such translation is meaningless to a target reader since neither its grammatical structure
nor its semantics can help the reader make sense of what he or she reads.
Examples
ST TT
She is an ‫وہ ہے ایک عقلمند‬
intelligent girl. ‫لڑکی۔‬
We enjoyed the ‫ہم لطف اندو ہوئےموسم‬
weather so much. ‫سے بہت۔‬

Literal Translation
Literal translation refers to translating the words without looking at the context. It preserves the
grammatical structure. It does not look at the connotative meanings of the words.
Examples
ST TT
‫ دو اور دو چار ہوتے‬Two and two
‫ ہیں‬makes four.
Hold your horses, ‫اپنے گھوڑے پکڑو۔‬
we still have plenty ‫ہمارے پاس ابھی بھی‬
of time. ‫بہت وقت ہے ۔‬
Faithful Translation
It implies reproducing the exact meaning of the SL into the TL. Both grammar structures and
context are taken into account. Its goal is to be faithful to the author’s intentions.
Examples
ST TT
It’s raining cats ‫بوندا باندی ہو رہی ہے ۔‬
and dogs.
I have quite a few ‫میرے زیادہ دوست نہیں‬
friends ‫ہیں۔‬

Communicative Translation
This type of translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original text in
such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the
reader. Communicative translation is social, concentrates on the message and force of the text,
tends to translate to be simple, clear and brief, and is always written in a natural and resourceful
style.
ST TT
No smoking. ‫سگریٹ نوشی منع ہے۔‬
Marriage is a ‫شادی قسمت کا کھیل‬
lottery. ‫ہے ۔‬

Adaptation
When a situation in one source culture does not exist in target culture then the process of
adaptation involves in changing the cultural reference. Adaptation is used mainly for plays and
poetry; the themes, characters and plots are usually preserved, the SL culture is converted to the
TL culture and the text is rewritten.
ST TT
John is coming ‫جننید آج رات آرہا ہے۔‬
tonight.
Hello ‫اسالم وعلیکم‬

Free Translation
Free translation is translating a text in such a way that it reproduces the general meaning of the
original text. Unlike in literal translation, free translation does not involve rendering word to
word meaning of a text. It preserves the meaning of the original but uses natural forms of the TL,
including normal word order and syntax so that the translation can be naturally understood. It is a
kind of idiomatic translation.
ST TT
It’s no use crying ‫اب پچھتانا کیا جب‬
over spilt milk. ‫چڑیاں چگ گئی کھیت‬
It is never too late ‫صبح کا بھوال شام کو‬
to mend. ‫گھر آئے تو بھوال نا‬
‫کہالئے‬

Module 2

Literary Translation
Literary translation involves translating dramatic and creative poetry and prose into other
languages, and it is an important task. It helps to shape a reader’s understanding of the world,
their history, philosophy, politics and more. Translating literary texts is not an easy task. It is
more demanding than other types of translation since it deals with two cultures, a source culture
and a target one. Literary texts involves fiction, poetry, drama, etc.
Fiction
Fiction refers to books and stories about imaginary people and events, rather than books about
real people or events. Immigrant tales have always been popular themes in fiction.
Translation of fiction is much more complicated than the translation of other genres, as it deals
not only with bilingual, but also bi-cultural and bi-social transference. It involves the exchange
of the social experience of individuals in the fictional world with readers in another culture or
society.
Example
ST:
‫ جاں پرسوز‬،‫ سخن دل نواز‬x،‫نگہ بلند‬
‫یہی ہے رخت سفر میر کارواں کے لیے‬
TT
High ambition, winsome speech, a passionate soul,
this is all the luggage for a leader of the caravan
Narrative Texts
Narrative text is a text that tells about sequence of events in the past. The narrator directs the
reader on a journey through a conflict that increases to a climax and is typically followed by a
resolution. The translation process is facilitated by the translator’s knowledge of fictional
components and narrative strategies.
Examples
Saaadat Hassan Manto’s short story “Toba Tek Singh” is translated in English in a more formal
style than the original text. For example,
ST:
‫یورپپین وارڈ رکھا جائے گا یا اڑا دیا جائے گا ۔‬
TT:
Will the European Ward be retained?