Linguistic Adaptation

The findings of this study only show the existence of linguistic adaptation. This linguistic
adaptation refers to the differences between the Indonesian version of the text on this website
and the literal translation of the same English version. This linguistic adaptation can be divided
into several types: pragmatic adaptation, semantic adaptation, and expressive adaptation.

Pragmatic Adaptation

Pragmatic adaptation here is understood as a change from the literal translation version in order
to close the psychological distance and try to convey the message (not just the meaning of
words) throughout the sentence.

Semantic Adaptation

Semantic adaptation is understood as changing the literal translation of the translated version on
the website to clarify the meaning of a word or phrase.

Expressive Adaptation

Expressive adaptation is a change from the literal translation version to the translated version on
the website with the aim of preserving the beauty of the expression of the sentence.

Word by word Adaptation

The method of adaptation word for word retains the SL word for word into the SL or the SL
lexical elements are matched with the SL lexical elements. Newmark (1988, p. 46) says "the
method is used in the early stages of translation (pre-translation process) to understand difficult
texts", then look for other appropriate methods to obtain acceptable equivalents in the TL
culture.

Literal Adaptation

Literal adaptation can also be used by translators at the beginning of translating a text. This
method is especially helpful when translating long and difficult sentences; after that just look for
other appropriate methods to produce acceptable TSa. It can also avoid losing the meaning of ST
in TSa. Literal translation is almost the same as word for word translation because it produces
TSa which is not common in TL culture and looks like translation. It's just that this method has
changed the SL structure into the SL structure.
Faithful Adaptation

Faithful adaptation maintains the SL form so as to produce TSa which is not common in TL
culture. In fact, according to Nida and Taber (1974, p.12), "the best translation does not sound
like a translation." According to Benny (2008), this method is suitable for legal texts or poetry
texts because both of them require a SL that is faithful to the form or format of the SL.

Free Adaptation

Free adaptation only emphasizes the TS message. This method does not adjust the SL culture to
the TL culture. That is what distinguishes it from adaptation. In my opinion, free translation is
not suitable to be used in translating works of fiction, especially poetry texts because this method
only focuses on the ST message without paying attention to the form and beauty of the ST. Free
translation can also be done when translating text at the request of readers who only want to
know the contents of the text. Thus, translators do not need to adapt their translations to the TL
and SL cultural forms.

Idiomatic Adaptation

The idiomatic adaptation method is very suitable for translating works of fiction. This method
seeks to find the equivalent of TS idiomatic expressions with idiomatic expressions in SL so as
to create TL which is acceptable in TL culture.

Communicative Adaptation

Communicative adaptation attaches great importance to the meaning of ST. The meaning is
communicated in such a way that the content and form can be understood and accepted in the TL
culture. According to Newmark (1988, p. 47), "the communicative translation method seeks to
convey as much as possible the contextual meaning of the ST so that the ST can be accepted and
understood by the target readers".