Tr an sl a t i on

M e t h o d s
DINDA RAHMADHANI PUTRI
0203521023
1. Word For Word translation

• Translation word 2. ST: I like that clever student.

for word in this Example TT: Saya menyukai itu pintar
anak.
way, the translator products proposed by Catford (1978),
Soemarno (1993), Nababan (2003), and
3. ST: He will go to Sydney
translates the Machali (2009). tomorrow afternoon.
content of the TT: Dia akan pergi ke Sydney
1. ST: Look, little guy, you-all besok sore.
source language shouldn’t be doing that. 4. ST: Jayne gave me a pocket
into the content of TT: Lihat, kecil anak, kamu dictionary yesterday.
the target language semua harus tidak TT: Jayne memberi saya kamus
melakukan ini. saku kemarin
by looking at the
word reference. .
 2. Literal Translation
Literal translation is found
between word to word
translation and free translation.
In which the SL grammatical
construction are converted to
their nearest TL equivalents or
close to the target language.
Example
Examples modified from Moentaha (2006) and Machali (2009).
1. ST: Hi, smart boy. You have done a perfect job.
TT: Hey, anak cerdas, kamu telah berhasil mengerjakan sebuah
pekerjaan y ang sempurna
2. ST: It’s raining cats and dogs.
TT: Hujan kucing dan anjing
3. ST: His house is in the left side.
TT: Rumahnya berada di sisi kiri.
Another example from the article
SL: “She comes from a dense forest on the island of Kalimantan”
TL: “Dia berasal dari hutan lebat di pulau Kalimantan”
3. Faithful Translation
1. ST : He is a broker in the
stock exchange.
TT : Dia seorang pialang di
bursa efek.
• Faithful translation will
2. ST : The local government
attempt to produce the
correct contextual meaning closed a bonded zone.
of the original usage TT : Pemerintah daerah
structure within the limits sudah menutup sebuah
of the target grammar. kawasan berikat.
3. SL: “She has physical
features similar to a human”
TL: “Dia memiliki ciri fisik
yang mirip dengan manusia”
According to a model developed by the ESIT
(Ecole Supérieure d'Interprètes et de
Traducteurs = Higher School Interpreters
and Translators) in Paris, there
are two basic equations that must be
maintained:
1. The meaning as understood by the
translator must
be the same as what the speaker means.
2. The meaning understood by the
reader/hearer of
the translation must be the same as the
meaning understood by the recipient in
the source language.
4. Semantic Translation
• Semantic translation is Example
translating less critical
social words into a third
or useful term which is 1. SL: She is a book-worm.
socially impartial but not TL: *Dia (perempuan) adalah seorang yang
suka sekali membaca
parables. Which differs
from ‘ Faithful Translation
2. SL: Dia adalah orang yang gemar belanja.
‘ only in as far as it must TL : She is a shopaholic.
take account of the
aesthetic value of the SL
text.
6. Adaptation
• Newmark (1988) said that
adaptation is the freest
translation method that
leads to the closest
equivalence of
the target language. Indeed,
this method of translation
tends to maintain the source
language and prioritizes
target readers
• Adaptation is widely used to translate
literary works (comedies, poetry,
short story,
narrative, etc.
There is a culture transition of the
source language (SL)
to the target language (TL) and the
source text is rewritten
and adapted to the target text.
6. Adaptation
Example

One example of adaptation product is the translation of

Shakespeare's drama entitled ‘Machbeth’ adapted by the poet W.S.
Rendra. He maintained all the characters and
the plot of the original work but he adapted the dialogue
to Indonesian culture (Machali, 2000, p. 53)
For example in fables, the themes,
lines and moral values are maintained, but the characters
are adapted to local figures, such as ‘fox’ (rubah), adapted
into ‘mouse deer’ (kancil).
7. Free Translation
Example
• Free translation is a translation
that reproduces the general meaning
of the original text in the target text
and may or may not closely follow
the form of the original text.
8. Idiomatic Translation
Example
• Newmark (1988) idiomatic
translation reproduces messages in the
target language text with expressions
that are more natural and familiar than
the source language text. Idiomatic
translation uses the natural
grammatical forms and lexical choices
in the target
language.
9. Communicative Translation
Newmark (1988) idiomatic translation reproduces
messages in the target language text with
expressions that are more natural and familiar than
the source language text. Idiomatic translation uses
the natural grammatical forms and lexical choices
in the target language.