TRANSLATION

VS
INTERPRETATION

By: Wahyudin
 Translation typically has been used to transfer written or
spoken (second language) text to equivalent written or
spoken TL texts, Indonesian texts into English ones, or
vice versa.
 In general, the purpose of translation is to reproduce
various kinds of texts-including religious, literary,
scientific, and philosophical texts-in another language
and thus making them available to wider readers.
 Penerjemahan selama ini telah digunakan untuk
mentransfer teks ungkapan lisan dan tulisan dalam
Bahasa kedua kedalam ungkapan lisan dan tulisan yang
setara maknanya dalam Bahasa sasaran
 Secara umum tujuan penerjemahan adalah untuk
memproduksi berbagai jenis teks seperti teks
keagamaan, teks sastra, teks sains, dan teks filsafat ke
dalam bentuk Bahasa lain bagi beragam pembaca.
 Kebanyakan teks sains/akademisi memiliki
istilah/terminology yang perlu diterjemahkan secara
khusus.

 Berdasarkan kamus besar Bahasa Indonesia (Pusat

Bahasa Nasional), menerjemahkan artinya menyalin
(memindahkan) dari suatu Bahasa ke Bahasa lain atau
mengalihbahasakan.
 LANGUAGE STYLE IN TRANSLATION

 With reference to language style in translation, you have to remember that each initial
word has many different meanings depending on the words trapping it. To be rich
with vocabulary and familiar with grammatical structures is indeed crucial for simple
communication. However, if the underlying text uses many different sentence model
and language styles, it is really necessary to be familiar with many other aspects of
communication as previously described. See the following examples of sentences here
below:

 “address”

 1. His address is No. 18, jalan Dewi Sartika

 2. His address about human right yesterday, was so impressing, that the audience
applauded.

 I regard him a hero

 2. I don’t care that doesn’t regard me at all

 There are three main requirements that one
should consider, if he/she wants to easily catch
and fully understand the message of reading text
of English, that he/she:
 1. has to fully understand the general English structure.
 2. is familiar with the corresponding subject.
 3. has logical way of thinking.
 Let us analyze some sentences excerpted from different types of
print media here below which we often find in daily
communication, especially in written communication, that perhaps
grammatically strange or substandard,
 1. We have, yet, to go together soon

 Normal composition: Yet, we have to go together soon.

 Could be translated: Padahal/walau demikian, kita harus pergi bersama-

sama

 2. We have, in order for the country in this monetary crisis to survive, to

work hand and hand.

 The core sentence: We have to work hand in hand in order to survive

 Could be translated: Kita harus bekerjasama agar bisa bertahan

 PROCESS
 She kicked the farmer.
 1. She=subject, kicked kata kerja, she orang ketiga tunggal dan
berjenis kelamin perempuan, farmer adalah object. Object ini adalah
manusia yang pekerjaannya mengolah tanah untuk menumbuhkan
tanaman yang menghasilkan bahan pangan. (Analisa)
 2. Dalam Bahasa Indonesia she=ia, dia, beliau, wanita, perempuan.
 3. Kick= kegiatan mengayunkan kaki kearah depan,
farmer=menanam padi, (semua terjadi dalam pikiran penerjemah-
Transfer)
 4. Mulailah penerjemah menuliskan sesuatu, “Beliau
menendang petani”. (restrukturisasi)
 4. Evaluasi dan revisi, mengamati hasil kerjanya, kata
perempuan dibuang, kata belaiu terlalu sopan,
penerjemah merevisi “Dia menendang petani itu”.
I FELL AND HURT MY KNEE
Leksikon: I=pembicara, fell:bergerak
maju, and: ada tambahan ide, hurt:
perbuatan melukai, my: milik
pembicara, knee: sendi antara tulang
paha dan tulang kering.
I FELL AND HURT MY KNEES
 Struktur grammar:Affirmatif, lampau walau tidak ada
kata kata yesterday, etc.
 Analisis konteks situasi: mungkin kalimat ini diucapkan
sekali kepada temannya (saya, hamba,
 Analisis konteks budaya: tidak ada hal hal yang sifatnya
sangat khusus
Aku terjatuh
dan lututku
terluka
 1. The river runs slowly.
 2. His nose runs badly.

 3. He runs his business very well.

1. Mengalir (suangai itu mengalir perlahan)

 2. Berair (dia pilek),

 3. Menjalankan (dia menjalankan bisnisnya dengan

sangat baik)
 1. Mengalir (suangai itu mengalir perlahan)
 2. Berair (dia pilek),

 3. Menjalankan (dia menjalankan bisnisnya dengan

sangat baik)
 Most people work to earn a living.
 Pak Karto carry the rice basket himself
 INTERPRETATION
 Interpretation can be defined in a nutshell as
conveying understanding.
 Its value stems from the fact that a speaker/s
meaning is best expressed in his or her native
tongue but is best understood in the languages of
the listeners.
 in the art of interpretation several complex
interrelated processes make it possible to convey
the semantic and emotive contents of a massage
from one language and culture
 The complex interaction of these
processes and the difficulty of
coordinating them simultaneously in the
oral/aural mode require alertness,
sensitivity, intense concentration and
mental agility.
THE INTERPRETING PROCESS
Listening
Comprehension/receptivity/empathy Memorizing

Processing
Analysis/visualization
Reformulation/mimicry Thinking
Inference/extrapolation/deduction

Speaking/Expression
Reproduction of meaning
Articulation, enunciation
Meaning modulated by tone, intonation Remembering
Emotion conveyed by tone, intonation
 The skills required for interpretation, especially
simultaneous interpretation, must be developed through
practice to the point where they become automatic.
HOW DOES INTERPRETATION DIFFER FROM
TRANSLATION?

 A translator
studies written material in one
language (the source language) and
reproduces it in written form in another
language (the target language).

 An interpreter listens to a spoken message

in the source language and renders it
orally.
 No translator is ever “perfect” because
cultures and language differ.

 Thetranslator’s activity is more likely that of a

writer while the interpreter’s performance is
more like that of an actor.
 A good translator will spend much time searching for the
correct technical term or the right choice of words, but a
good interpreter must immediately come up with a
satisfactory paraphrase (to refer to a word or phrase that
expresses exactly what the writer or speaker is trying to
say)does not come to mind, in order not to keep the
audience waiting.
CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETATION AND
SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION?
 What is the difference between consecutive
interpretation and simultaneous interpretation?
 A consecutive interpreter listens to the speaker, takes
note, and then reproduces the speech in the target
language.

 Depending on the length of the speech, this may be done

all at one go or in several segments. The consecutive
interpreter relies mainly on memory, but a good note-
taking technique is an essential aid
 A simultaneous interpreter, usually sitting a soundproof
booth, listens to the speaker through earphones and,
speaking into a microphone reproduces the speech in
target language as it is being delivered in the source
language. Because simultaneous interpreter cannot fall
too far behind, this method requires considerable
practice and presence of mind.
IS IT USEFUL TO SPECIALIZE IN A PARTICULAR SUBJECT AREA?

 Yes, It is easier to translate or interpret with an

understanding of the subject. Some translators,
for example, specialize in medical translation
and obtain regular work from pharmaceutical
manufacturers. Some translation agencies
specialize in technical, business or legal
translation and rely on translators and
interpreters with expertise in those areas.
 Specialist translators can usually command higher fee. A
translator or interpreter who works regularly for a
particular organization or client will soon become
familiar with the subject and its jargon.