Translation 2

The difference between Translation and Interpreting

Translation Interpreting
Translation is the transference of Interpretation is the transference of
meaning between written meaning between spoken
languages languages

Translation involves the written Interpreting occurs in real time. It

word, it typically takes place long happens in person, on the phone,
after a text is created, which or through a television/video
gives the translator time to service
access resources (dictionaries,
glossaries, subject mater
experts, etc) to produce an
accurate and effective and
document (or website, help file,
etc)

Translators have time to Interpretation and translation

evaluate and revise each word demand different levels of
and sentence before delivering accuracy. While interpreters aim to
their product, so they can be completely accurate. It is
achieve a greater level of difficult to achieve in a live
accuracy and greater fidelity to conversation. They may omit some
the original details of the original speech as
they interpret into the target
language
 Professional translators only
work in one direction –
translating into their native
language. As such, translators
do not have to be as fluent in the
source language as an
interpreter must be. The key
skills of a translator are to
uderstand the source language
and to use their knowledge of the
target country’s cultural and
language norms to create an
effective translated product
An interpreter must be fluent
enough in both the original
language and the target language
to be able to translate in both
directions, on the spot, without any
reference material. Interpreters are
highly qualified people, and the
work is quite demanding. It is so
demanding that interpreters work
in pairs and must switch off every
20 minutes or so to prevent mental
fatigue

Translators and interpreters are Interpreters must also capture

faced with the challenge of
making metaphors, analogies,
and idioms understandable to
the audience in the target
language
tone, inflection, voice quality, and
the other intangible elements of
the spoken word and convey those
meaningfully to the audience

The role of interpreter:

1. Conduit (channel)
 Interpreter’s primary role
 Interprets from one language to another
 No omissions, additions, subtractions, or other
changes/alterations
 1st person language
 Reflects tone, volume and inflection of the speaker
 2. Clarifier
 Checks for and promotes understanding
- Lowering the complexity of speech
- Intervenes when necessary
 Asks speaker to clarify
- Requests permission to intervene (signal)
- Does not clarify on their own
 Establishes a pace (rapidity/speed)

3. Cultural broker
 Objective and nonjudgmental
 Explains cultural-specific issues, attitudes, home-remedies, or
other concepts to promote understanding
 Bridge between family and provider
 Educates provider before and during a session/meeting

The Kind of Interpreting

1. Simultaneous
The interpreter sits in a booth, listen to the spoken content through
headphones, and speaks the translated words into a microphone.
As soon as the interpreter understands the general meaning of the
sentence, he or she begins the interpretation

2. Consecutive
The speaker stops frequently, typically every one to five minutes,
to allow the interpreter to render what was said into the target
language. The speaker’s pauses come at the end of a paragraph
 or topic. While waiting, the interpreter sits or stands beside the
speaker, listening and taking notes as the speaker progresses
through the message

3. Whispered
The interpreter sits or stands next to a small target-language
audience and whispers a simultaneous interpretation. This
method is generally used only when a few audience members do
not speak the source language

4. Relay
A source-language interpreter expresses the message to a group
of interpreters who have a language in common and each speaks
another language as well. In turn, these interpreters convey
(communicate/express) the message to their respective target
audiences. For example,. A German speech is first interpreted in
English to a group of interpreters, and is then interpreted by each
into French, Japanese, Spanish and Italian

Seorang juru bahasa sumber mengungkapkan pesan kepada

sekelompok juru bahasa yang memiliki bahasa yang sama dan
masing-masing berbicara bahasa lain juga. Pada gilirannya, para
penafsir ini menyampaikan
(mengkomunikasikan/mengungkapkan) pesan tersebut kepada
khalayak sasarannya masing-masing. Sebagai contoh,. Pidato
Jerman pertama-tama ditafsirkan dalam bahasa Inggris ke
sekelompok juru bahasa, dan kemudian ditafsirkan oleh masing-
masing ke dalam bahasa Prancis, Jepang, Spanyol, dan Italia

5. Liaison : an interpreter translates into and out of the source and

target language as a conversation takes place. This is typically
used for small, informal situations such as meetings
 Penghubung : seorang juru bahasa menerjemahkan ke dalam
dan ke luar bahasa sumber dan bahasa sasaran saat percakapan
berlangsung. Ini biasanya digunakan untuk situasi kecil dan
informal seperti rapat

Corsellis (2008:48) emphasizes the requirement for absolute “accuracy”

in the interpretation of every utterance (turn) of the principal participants,
listed four circumstances in which it is appropriate for the interpreter to
interject with self-initiated/authored utterances:

1. To ask for accomodation to the interpreting process, for example,

when someone is speaking inaudibly or too quickly
Meminta akomodasi untuk proses penerjemahan, misalnya ketika
seseorang berbicara dengan tidak jelas atau terlalu cepat

2. To ask for clarification of an utterance that is ambiguous, unclear

or contains a term that is not understood by the interpreter. This
may be technical term or slang

Meminta klarifikasi atas suatu ujaran yang ambigu, tidak jelas

atau mengandung istilah yang tidak dipahami oleh penafsir. Ini
mungkin istilah teknis atau bahasa gaul

3. To alert the participants that someone may not have understood

what has been said although the interpreting was correct.
Interpreters have a good feel for comprehension and can sense
when this is happening. The causes may be various but they can,
for example, include either party using formal registers or technical
terms that are not comprehensible to the other in either language

Untuk mengingatkan peserta bahwa seseorang mungkin tidak

mengerti apa yang dikatakan meskipun interpretasinya benar.
 Penerjemah memiliki perasaan yang baik untuk pemahaman dan
dapat merasakan ketika ini terjadi. Penyebabnya bisa
bermacam-macam tetapi bisa, misalnya, mencakup salah satu
pihak yang menggunakan register formal atau istilah teknis yang
tidak dapat dipahami pihak lain dalam kedua bahasa tersebut.

4. To alert (prepare) the participants that a relevant cultural inference

may have been missed. This refers to an item of information that
is not in the cultural frame of reference of one or more of the
participants. An example could be the significance of religious
festivals and why it is important that a family member should be
going home for Christmas, Divali and so on

Untuk mengingatkan (mempersiapkan) peserta bahwa

kesimpulan budaya yang relevan mungkin telah terlewatkan. Ini
mengacu pada item informasi yang tidak berada dalam kerangka
acuan budaya dari satu atau lebih peserta. Contohnya adalah
pentingnya festival keagamaan dan mengapa penting bahwa
anggota keluarga harus pulang ke rumah untuk Natal, Divali, dan
sebagainya.