Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Cegb3014 Module 3 Slope Stability
Cegb3014 Module 3 Slope Stability
SLOPE STABILITY
CEGB3014
Module 1: STABILITY OF SLOPES (Week 1 – Week
4)
Introduction
Stability of Infinite Slopes
Stability of Finite Slopes
Total and Effective Stress Analysis of Slopes
Factors in Slope Design
Factor of Safety
LANDSLIDES SCENARIO IN MALAYSIA
• WHERE?
• HILLY, NATURAL AND MODIFIED TERRAINS
• WHEN?
• HEAVY RAINS/MONSOON SEASONS
• WHY?
• POOR/LACK OF MAINTENANCE; AGEING SLOPES, WEATHERING, WATER, POOR ENGINEERING
DESIGNS, LACK OF APPRECIATION ON GEOLOGICAL/NATURAL FACTORS, POOR CONSTRUCTION
METHODS, ETC..
• WHAT?
• TYPES OF SLOPE? – MAN-MADE SLOPES (CUTS OR EMBANKMENTS)
• TYPES OF LANDSLIDES? – SLIDES (ROTATIONAL & TRANSLATIONAL), COMPOUND FAILURES,
ROCK FALLS, DEBRIS FLOWS, EARTH FLOWS.
• THE STATISTICS – ALARMING!
• HOW..?
• DOES IS HAPPENED? SUDDEN, WITHOUT WARNING; PROGRESSIVE, SLOW MOVEMENT.
• DO WE DO ABOUT IT? RESPONSIVE, RESCUE & RECOVERY, RISK MANAGEMENT
SOME MAJOR LANDSLIDE DISASTERS IN
MALAYSIA
6
LANDSLIDE AT
KAPIT, SARAWAK
( 26 December 2007 )
- Two killed & destroyed 9 wooden
houses
LANDSLIDE AT ULU YAM, SELANGOR
• MAJOR CUT + EMBANKMENT SLOPE FAILURES IN A “HANGING-VALLEY” MORPHOLOGY WHICH THEN TURNED INTO CHANNELISED
DEBRIS FLOW TRAVELLING DOWN THE VALLEY FOR MORE THAN 1.5 KM DISTANCE.
LANDSLIDES & ROCK FALLS IN
NATURAL TERRAIN
10
POS DIPANG – DEBRIS FLOW POS DIPANG
A debris flow due to the breach of temporary dam naturally built by several landslides that
clogged up the course of Sg. Dipang. The debris flow swept away the whole village at Pos
Dipang and had scoured tress, soils, boulders and everything that stood in its way for more than
5km and swept 44 people into its roaring flows.
TERMINOLOGY
13
SLOPE MATERIALS
slope
sliding surface
toe of slope
improve slope stability
• WITH FAILING SLOPES, INSTALLATION OF AN INTERCEPTOR ALONG THE
CREST BEYOND THE HEAD OF THE SLIDE AREA WILL REDUCE RUNOFF INTO
THE SLIDE BUT THE INTERCEPTOR IS A TEMPORARY EXPEDIENT SINCE IN
TIME IT MAY BREAK UP AND CEASE TO FUNCTION AS THE SLIDE
DISTURBANCE PROGRESSES UPSLOPE
SLOPES FLATTENED OR BENCHED
c u n tan u
32
Choice of Shear Strength parameters
f cu
R b
Forces on an element in an undrained slope
Undrained infinite slope
Solution
2cu
zc
Critical depth, sin 2 c
2c u
Solution
sin 2 c
γz
Drained infinite slope
4.2.3.2 Drained infinite slope
Under drained conditions the shear strength
of the soil is given by:
f n tan or f c n tan
Consider a prismatic
element in a drained
infinite slope
Essential points
c u LarcR x
FoS
Wx
Disturbing moment = WX B
Total Stress Analysis
Length of arc AB R
cu R 2 c
F
Wd Pw yc
Worked example 9.4 A cutting in a saturated clay is inclined at a slope of 1.0 vertical :
1.5 horizontal and has a vertical height of 10.0 m. The bulk unit weight of the soil is
18.5kN/m3 and its undrained cohesion is 40 kPa. Determine the factors of safety
against immediate shear failure along the slip circle shown in Fig. 9.10:
(a) ignoring the tension crack,
(b) allowing for the tension crack empty of water,
(c) allowing for the tension crack when full of water.
Solution
The factors of safety against immediate shear failure may be obtained using the total stress
method of analysis. Firstly, it is necessary to establish the geometry and area of the
slip mass.
(a) In the case ignoring the tension crack, the slip mass is bounded by the ground surface and
the circular arc AB, for which the following may be calculated.
WORKED EXAMPLE
4.4.1.3 Worked Example (Refer R. Whitlow, Pg. 364)
Undrained
Stability
F
(W Ad A WB d B ....)
Undrained Stability
Slice W =γA M = Wd
b (m) h (m) A (m2) d (m)
No (kN/m) (kNm/m)
M∑
Factor of safety for cohesive soil is given by :
F
shear resistance moment cu R 2
disturbing moment Wd
• TWO DIFFERENT FOR
CALCULATION;-
1. CLAY
CU R² Θ
WD
2. SAND
CU R² Θ + R Σ N TAN ɸ
R Σ± T
TOTAL STRESS ANALYSIS
The total stress analysis uses the un-drained shear strength of the soil.
typically only used for cohesive soil
Disturbing Moment, M = Wd
N (W cos α) stability
T (W sin α) over turning
R = 13.45
Θ=65ᵒ
Θ=83ᵒ
8.4 m² Clay
d d:9
10 m²
ɣ=18
5 m² d:6 Cu=14
8 m²
d:4
d:2
αo :5
20 m²
40 m² d:6 Sand
αo :9
10 m² d:4 ɣ=19
d: 2 αo :8
2 m² αo :5
Cu=14
d:0.5 ɸ=20
αo :5
Sand
slice Area (m² ) W= ɣA α N = w cos α T = w sin α
1 2 38 -5o 37.86 -3.31
2 10 190 5o 189.28 16.56
3 8 152 5o 151.42 13.25
4 40 760 8o 752.60 105.77
5 20 380 9o 375.32 59.44
Total 1506.48 191.71
Clay
slice Area (m² ) W= ɣA d M = Wd
1 5 90 4 360
2 10 180 6 1080
Total M 2649.6
CLAY
F = Cu R² θ
Wd
= 14(13.45²)(65) (
2649.6 (180)
= 1.08
SAND
F = Cu R² θ + R Σ N tan ɸ
R Σ± T
= (14)(13.45²)(83)()+ (13.45) (1506.48) tan 20
(13.45)191.71
= 4.28
Total FOS = 1.08 + 4.28
= 5.36