RECALL

VALIDITY
AND
RELIABILIT
Y
VALIDITY
Validity refers to the
quality of the instrument of
being functional only within
its specific purpose.
An instrument is valid if it
measures what it is supposed
to measure.
 RELIABILITY
refers to the consistency of the
results of an instrument in
repeated trials.
While valid instrument is
always reliable, a reliable
instrument is not always valid.
UNDERSTANDING THEMATIC ANALYSIS

• Braun and Clarke (2006) define thematic analysis as:

“A method for identifying, analyzing and reporting patterns within data.”

Thematic analysis is a widely used method of analysis in qualitative research.

In 2006, Braun and Clarke published an article that described to novice
researchers how to use thematic analysis in a step-by-step manner. Braun and
Clarke (2006) state that thematic analysis is a foundational method of analysis
that needed to be defined and described to solidify its place in qualitative
research.
UNDERSTANDING THEMATIC ANALYSIS

• Why should you use thematic analysis?

Thematic analysis is simple to use which lends itself to use for novice
researchers who are unfamiliar with more complex types of qualitative
analysis. It allows for flexibility in the researchers choice of theoretical
framework. Some other methods of analysis are closely tied to specific
theories, but thematic analysis can be used with any theory the researcher
chooses. Through this flexibility, thematic analysis allows for rich, detailed and
complex description of your data.
• The aim of the next activities in this lesson is to help you
understand the process and purpose of conducting
a thematic analysis in qualitative research.
• In order to conduct a thematic analysis you first need some data
to analyze.
Directions: Analyze the given data then provide raw theme/s
regarding the sample gathered data in each column.
 RESEARCH AREA: THE IMPACT OF
SOCIAL MEDIA ON TEENAGERS' LIVES
• It affects me greatly, because when I open my laptop, the icon of Facebook,
Instagram, and twitter catches my eye and I HAVE to press it. Even though I
plan to waste 10 minutes of my time, I spend more than 30 minutes. So I end
up procrastinating and struggle in the end.

• Raw Theme/s?
RESEARCH AREA: THE IMPACT OF
SOCIAL MEDIA ON TEENAGERS' LIVES
• I use everything everyday and can't start and end the day without social media.
I use line and snapchat to communicate with my friends and on facebook I only
go on in when its a friends birthday or someone tags me on a picture. I'm
obsessed in making a nice feed on instagram so I go on in everyday about 10
times.

• Raw Theme/s?
RESEARCH AREA: THE IMPACT OF
SOCIAL MEDIA ON TEENAGERS' LIVES
• I feel that I am quite "engulfed" by social media today. Because of sites like
facebook, I'm starting to find it increasingly harder to concentrate on my goals, such
as homework or fitness. Although I could simply stop myself from using it, it is also
extremely addictive. The need to either aimlessly browse and talk to other people
has always been a distraction from achieving my ambitions.

• Raw Theme/s?

• What is one super-ordinate theme emerging from this data?

• What are the sub-ordinate themes that connect to the superordinate theme you have
identified? (bullet point)