Rangkaian Penyearah Setengah

Gelombang (Filter Kapasitor)

Rian Rahmanda Putra, S.Kom., M.Kom

 Filters
 A capacitor is added in parallel with the
load resistor of a half-wave rectifier to
form a simple filter circuit. At first there
is no charge across the capacitor
 During the 1st quarter positive
cycle, diode is forward biased, and
C charges up.
 VC = VO = VS - V.

 As VS falls back towards zero, and

into the negative cycle, the
capacitor discharges through the
resistor R. The diode is reversed
biased ( turned off)
 If the RC time constant is large, the
voltage across the capacitor
discharges exponentially.
Filters

 During the next positive cycle of the input

voltage, there is a point at which the input
voltage is greater than the capacitor
voltage, diode turns back on.

 The diode remains on until the input

reaches its peak value and the
capacitor voltage is completely
recharged.
 Vp
Vm

Quarter cycle; Capacitor discharges Input voltage is greater

capacitor through R since diode than the capacitor
charges up becomes off voltage; recharge before
discharging again
VC = Vme – t / RC

NOTE: Vm is the peak value of the capacitor voltage = VP - V

Since the capacitor filters out a large portion of the sinusoidal signal, it is called a
filter capacitor.
Ripple Voltage, and Diode Current

Vr = ripple voltage

Tp Vr = VM – VMe -T’/RC

where T’ = time of the
T’ capacitor to discharge to its
lowest value
Vr = VM ( 1 – e -T’/RC )
Expand the exponential in
series,
Vr = ( VMT’) / RC

Figure: Half-wave rectifier with smoothing capacitor.

• If the ripple is very small, we can approximate T’ = Tp
which is the period of the input signal
• Hence for half wave rectifier
Vr = ( VMTp) / RC

 For full wave rectifier

Vr = ( VM 0.5Tp) / RC
Example
Consider a full wave center-tapped rectifier. The capacitor is connected in
parallel to a resistor, R = 2.5 k. The input voltage has a peak value of 120 V
with a frequency of 60 Hz. The output voltage cannot be lower than 100 V.
Assume the diode turn-on voltage, V = 0.7 V. Calculate the value of the
capacitor.

VM = 120 – 0.7 = 119.3 V

Vr = 119.3 – 100 = 19.3 V

19.3 = 119.3 / (2*60*2500*C)

C = 20.6 F
Example
Consider a full wave bridge rectifier. The capacitor C = 20.3 F is connected in
parallel to a resistor, R = 10 k. The input voltage, vs = 50 sin (2(60)t).
Assume the diode turn-on voltage, V = 0.7 V. Calculate the value of the ripple
voltage.

Frequency = 60 Hz
VM = 50 – 1.4 = 48.6 V

Vr = 48.6 / (2*60*10x103*20.3x10-6)
Vr = 2 V
MULTIPLE DIODE CIRCUITS
Example:
Cut-in voltage of each diode in the circuit shown in Figure is 0.65 V. If the
input voltage VI = 5 V, determine the value of R1 when the value of ID2 = 2ID1.
Also find the values of VO, ID1 and ID2 . Assume that all diodes are forward-
biased.