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Motor Control
with
C868
and
Drives & Control
June 2003
A. Jansen
CAPCOM6
1
Agenda
Electric
Electric
Motor
Motortypes
types
AC
AC DC
DC
Asynchronous
Asynchronous Synchronous
Synchronous
Induction
Induction
PMSM
PMSM Synchronous
Synchronous Switched
SwitchedRel.
Rel. Stepper
Stepper
+ N
U
U
W
V
V
W
-
S
1 1
A
C+
C’ B’
N
0
B-
S
B C
A’
1 1
A
C+
C’ B’
N
0
B-
S
B C
A’
1>>0 1
A
C+
C’ B’
N
0
S
B-
B C
A’
0 1
A
C+
C’ B’
N
S
A-
B C
A’
0 1>>0
A
B+
C’ B’
S
0
N
A-
B C
A’
0 1>>0
A
B+
C’ B’
S
0
N
A-
B C
A’
HV Driver
COUT60
CC61
COUT61
CC62
COUT62
CCPOS0
CCPOS1
CCPOS2
Hall Sensor
CTRAP
+
-
capture
channel 0
compare trap
T12 channel 1
control
channel 2 compare multi-channel control
compare noise
T13 channel 3 filter
2 2 2 3 1
CCPOS0
CCPOS1
CCPOS2
COUT62
COUT60
COUT61
CTRAP
CC60
CC61
BEMF-Detection/Hall CC60 a c t. s p e e d c h 0 g e ts c a p tu re d
Signals v a lu e f o r a c t . s p e e d
HW-noise filter on CC61 p h a s e d e la y
c h 1 c o m p a re
CCPOSx inputs CC62 tim e o u t f o r p h a s e d e la y
(BEMF-signals)
H a r d w a r e N o is e
S u p p r e s s io n C a p tu re c h 2 c o m p a re
E vent f o r t im e o u t
R e s e ts T 1 2
CCPO S0 1 1 1 0 0 0
CCPO S1 0 0 1 1 1 1
CCPO S2 1 0 0 0 1 1
CC6x
BEMF-Detection/Hall CC60 a c t. s p e e d c h 0 g e ts c a p tu re d
Signals v a lu e f o r a c t. s p e e d
HW-noise filter on CC61 p h a s e d e la y
c h 1 c o m p a re
CCPOSx inputs CC62 tim e o u t f o r p h a s e d e la y
(BEMF-signals)
automatic reset of H a r d w a r e N o is e
T12 with interrupt S u p p r e s s io n C a p tu re c h 2 c o m p a re
actual speed by E vent f o r tim e o u t
capture ch0 R e s e ts T 1 2
CCPO S0 1 1 1 0 0 0
CCPO S1 0 0 1 1 1 1
CCPO S2 1 0 0 0 1 1
CC6x
BEMF-Detection/Hall CC60 a c t. s p e e d c h 0 g e ts c a p tu re d
Signals v a lu e f o r a c t . s p e e d
HW-noise filter on CC61 p h a s e d e la y
c h 1 c o m p a re
CCPOSx inputs CC62 tim e o u t f o r p h a s e d e la y
(BEMF-signals)
automatic reset of H a r d w a r e N o is e
T12 with interrupt S u p p r e s s io n C a p tu re c h 2 c o m p a re
actual speed by E vent f o r t im e o u t
capture ch0 R e s e ts T 1 2
phase delay
function on ch1
CCPO S0 1 1 1 0 0 0
CCPO S1 0 0 1 1 1 1
CCPO S2 1 0 0 0 1 1
CC6x
BEMF-Detection/Hall CC60 a c t. s p e e d c h 0 g e ts c a p tu re d
Signals v a lu e f o r a c t . s p e e d
HW-noise filter on CC61 p h a s e d e la y
c h 1 c o m p a re
CCPOSx inputs CC62 tim e o u t f o r p h a s e d e la y
(BEMF-signals)
automatic reset of H a r d w a r e N o is e
T12 with interrupt S u p p r e s s io n C a p tu re c h 2 c o m p a re
actual speed by E vent f o r t im e o u t
capture ch0 R e s e ts T 1 2
phase delay
function on ch1
time out function CCPO S0 1 1 1 0 0 0
on ch2 CCPO S1 0 0 1 1 1 1
CCPO S2 1 0 0 0 1 1
CC6x
H1 1 0 0
H0 0 0 0
Hall n n+1
start ? ?
Dead Time Counter
after edge detection
H1 1 0 0
H0 0 0 0
Hall n n+1
compare
valid level ? ?
after noise Correct
DTC count down expected
Hall Event
H1 1 0 0
H0 0 0 0
Hall n+1 n+2
? !
noise Correct
expected
Hall Event
set
Drives & Control
CHE-flag
June 2003
A. Jansen
22
Usage of CAPCOM6E – Hall Sensor Mode (3)
H1 1 0 0
H0 0 0 0
Hall n+1 n+2
wait on
edge
? ?
1 MODT13out A- 1 MODT13out A-
1 MCMOUTH.1 1 MCMOUTH.1
1 CTRAP# 0 CTRAP#
1 T12.COUT0 1 T12.COUT0
MODT13out A- MODT13out A-
1 MCMOUTH.1 0 MCMOUTH.1
1 CTRAP# 1 CTRAP#
T12.COUT0
MODT13out A-
1 MCMOUTH.1
Drives & Control
1 CTRAP#
June 2003
A. Jansen
24
Usage of CAPCOM6E –
Generate the PWM Pattern for BLDC
H2
H1
1 T12.COUT2 H0
MODT13out C-
0>0>0>1>1>0>0 MCMOUTH.5
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.CC2
1 MODT13out C+
1>1>0>0>0>0>1 MCMOUTH.4
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.COUT1
MODT13out B-
1>0>0>0>0>1>1 MCMOUTH.3
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.CC1
1 MODT13out B+
0>0>1>1>0>0>0 MCMOUTH.2
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.COUT0
MODT13out A-
0>1>1>0>0>0>0 MCMOUTH.1
A. Jansen 1 MODT13out A+
25 0>0>0>0>1>1>0 MCMOUTH.0
1 CTRAP#
Usage of CAPCOM6E –
Generate the PWM Pattern for BLDC
H2
H1
1 T12.COUT2 H0
MODT13out C-
0>0>0>1>1>0>0 MCMOUTH.5
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.CC2
1 MODT13out C+
1>1>0>0>0>0>1 MCMOUTH.4
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.COUT1
MODT13out B-
1>0>0>0>0>1>1 MCMOUTH.3
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.CC1
1 MODT13out B+
0>0>1>1>0>0>0 MCMOUTH.2
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.COUT0
MODT13out A-
0>1>1>0>0>0>0 MCMOUTH.1
June 2003
1 T12.CC0
A. Jansen 1 MODT13out A+
26 0>0>0>0>1>1>0 MCMOUTH.0
1 CTRAP#
Usage of CAPCOM6E –
Generate the PWM Pattern for BLDC
H2
H1
1 T12.COUT2 H0
MODT13out C-
0>0>0>1>1>0>0 MCMOUTH.5
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.CC2
1 MODT13out C+
1>1>0>0>0>0>1 MCMOUTH.4
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.COUT1
MODT13out B-
1>0>0>0>0>1>1 MCMOUTH.3
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.CC1
1 MODT13out B+
0>0>1>1>0>0>0 MCMOUTH.2
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.COUT0
MODT13out A-
0>1>1>0>0>0>0 MCMOUTH.1
A. Jansen 1 MODT13out A+
27 0>0>0>0>1>1>0 MCMOUTH.0
1 CTRAP#
Usage of CAPCOM6E –
Generate the PWM Pattern for BLDC
H2
H1
1 T12.COUT2 H0
MODT13out C-
0>0>0>1>1>0>0 MCMOUTH.5
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.CC2
1 MODT13out C+
1>1>0>0>0>0>1 MCMOUTH.4
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.COUT1
MODT13out B-
1>0>0>0>0>1>1 MCMOUTH.3
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.CC1
1 MODT13out B+
0>0>1>1>0>0>0 MCMOUTH.2
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.COUT0
MODT13out A-
0>1>1>0>0>0>0 MCMOUTH.1
A. Jansen 1 MODT13out A+
28 0>0>0>0>1>1>0 MCMOUTH.0
1 CTRAP#
Usage of CAPCOM6E –
Generate the PWM Pattern for BLDC
H2
H1
1 T12.COUT2 H0
MODT13out C-
0>0>0>1>1>0>0 MCMOUTH.5
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.CC2
1 MODT13out C+
1>1>0>0>0>0>1 MCMOUTH.4
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.COUT1
MODT13out B-
1>0>0>0>0>1>1 MCMOUTH.3
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.CC1
1 MODT13out B+
0>0>1>1>0>0>0 MCMOUTH.2
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.COUT0
MODT13out A-
0>1>1>0>0>0>0 MCMOUTH.1
A. Jansen 1 MODT13out A+
29 0>0>0>0>1>1>0 MCMOUTH.0
1 CTRAP#
Usage of CAPCOM6E –
Generate the PWM Pattern for BLDC
H2
H1
1 T12.COUT2 H0
MODT13out C-
0>0>0>1>1>0>0 MCMOUTH.5
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.CC2
1>1>0>0>0>0>1
1 MODT13out C+
MCMOUTH.4
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.COUT1
MODT13out B-
1>0>0>0>0>1>1 MCMOUTH.3
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.CC1
1 MODT13out B+
0>0>1>1>0>0>0 MCMOUTH.2
1 CTRAP#
1 T12.COUT0
MODT13out A-
0>1>1>0>0>0>0 MCMOUTH.1
June 2003
1 T12.CC0
A. Jansen 1 MODT13out A+
30 0>0>0>0>1>1>0 MCMOUTH.0
1 CTRAP#
Usage of CAPCOM6E –
Modulation and Synchronization
Correct
Hall Event
write by software
T13pm
6
T12pm Reset
Correct
Hall Event
write by software
T13pm
6
T12pm Reset
Correct
Hall Event
write by software
T13pm
6
T12pm Reset
Correct
Hall Event
write by software
T13pm
6
T12pm Reset
1 1
A
MCMOUTSL MCMOUTSH
C+
0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 C’ B’
N
0
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 B-
S
B C
MCMOUTL MCMOUTH
A’
1>>0 1
A
MCMOUTSL MCMOUTSH
C+
0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 C’ B’
N
0
S
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 B-
B C
MCMOUTL MCMOUTH
A’
0 1
A
MCMOUTSL MCMOUTSH
C+
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C’ B’
N
S
0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 A-
B C
MCMOUTL MCMOUTH
A’
0 1>>0
A
MCMOUTSL MCMOUTSH
B+
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C’ B’
S
0
N
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 A-
B C
MCMOUTL MCMOUTH
A’
Theory
UP = (R x i) + (L x di/dt) + eP
where
"UP" stands for phase voltage
"R" stands for winding resistance
"i" stands for actual phase current
"L" stands for phase inductance
"di/dt" stands for changment of phase current over time
"eP" stands for electromagnetic voltage caused by magnet
via
while ia
i = 0 and di/dt = 0:
UP = e P
30° 120°
by measuring UP
a position detection vib
is possible ib
Drives & Control
June 2003
A. Jansen
40
BLDC in Reality (1) – BEMF vs. Current
ia
via
Zoom In:
BEMF is only visible at active switching
Phase
Current
BEMF
Voltage
Drives & Control
June 2003
A. Jansen
42
BLDC in Reality (2b) – BEMF vs. Current
V+
Current Commutation in a Coil
Freewheeling diode conducts
Motor
Current
Flow
Phase
Current GND
V+
BEMF Motor
Voltage
Current Flow
Freewheeling
Drives & Control Diode
June 2003
A. Jansen
GND
43
BLDC in Reality (3) – All Important Signals
BEMF Phase
Voltage Current
HV Driver
COUT60
CC61
COUT61
CC62
COUT62
RC
CCPOS0
CCPOS1
CCPOS2
CTRAP
Filter
+
-
-
+
- virtual
Drives & Control +
Star
June 2003 -
A. Jansen +
45
BLDC Sensor less Using ADC
HV Driver
COUT60
CC61
COUT61
CC62
COUT62
CTRAP
AN0
AN1
AN2
BEMF
+ Detection
-
f(n+2)
analog
signal
f(n-1)
f(n) f(n+1)
T13
start sampling
by hardware
CC6x
Phase
Current x
Voltage signal at
BEMF currentless phase
signal for position detection
DC Link
Drives & Control Current
June 2003
A. Jansen Start ADC sampling
50
BLDC Sensor less Using ADC
T13 used for CompareValue
Modulation T12_ch1
T12
ADC trigger
1 2
T12 used for
Phase delay T13
Software (for 60°
BEMF
sector) Voltage
With every T13PM Phase Analog
C
the BEMF voltage is CompareValue
sampled and
compared to a BEMF- Current
wave table Phase C
When crossing a limit
the software
generates a CHE-
event (1) Current
Speed reference is Phase A
Phase delay
T13
Software (for 60°
sector) BEMF
Voltage
With every T13PM the Phase
ADC alternatively C Analog
CompareValue
samples
BEMF voltage
Phase current Current
Phase C
The current set value Control
can be controlled by Current Value
adjusting the PWM
duty cycle Current
Phase A
Measure
Measure Measure Measure
Measure BEMF
Drives & Control DC-Link DC-Link BEMF
DC-Link Current Voltage
Current Current Voltage
June 2003 (Phase A) (Phase
(Phase C) (Phase A) (Phase C)
B)
A. Jansen
52
BLDC Sensor less Scope Shots