Chapter: 4

. Lecture: No

Mrs.Sozan Hussein Mostafa

Faculty of science
Department of physics
University of zakho
 Two Kinds of Friction
Static fs FA
friction
◦ Must be overcome in order to
Objects are still or
budge an object moving together.
◦ Present only when there is no Fnet = 0.
relative motion between the
bodies, e.g., the box & table
top
Kinetic friction
fk FA
◦ Weaker than static friction
◦ Present only when objects are Fnet is to the right.
moving with respect to each
a is to the right.
other (skidding) v is left or right.
Two Kinds of Friction
Static friction is Kinetic friction ,
friction between two also known as 
or more solid objects dynamic friction or
that are not moving sliding friction,
relative to each other. occurs when two
For example, static objects are moving
friction can prevent relative to each other
an object from and rub together
sliding down a
sloped surface
 Friction Strength

The magnitude of the friction force is

proportional to:
how hard the two bodies are pressed
together (the normal force, N ).
the materials from which the bodies are
made (the coefficient of friction,  ).

Attributes that have little or no effect:

 sliding speed
 contact area
 Coefficients of Friction
Staticcoefficient … s.
Kinetic coefficient …  .
k
Both depend on the materials in contact.
◦ Small for steel on ice
◦ Large for rubber on concrete or cardboard box
on carpeting
The bigger the coefficient of friction, the
bigger the frictional force.
 Static Friction Force
f s  s N
static frictional normal
force coefficient of force
static friction

fs, max = s N
maximum
force of static
fs, max is the force you must
friction exceed in order to budge a
resting object.
 Kinetic Friction

fk = k N
kinetic normal
frictional force coefficient of force
kinetic friction

Once object budges, forget about s.

Use k instead.
f is a constant so long as the materials
k
involved don’t change.
 There is no “maximum f .”
k