DONETSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Name = Ashutosh gupta

Group = 329 am
Neoplasia & tissue growth
Topic =
Teacher Name = K.N.SULAKHRIA Ali sir
 Neoplasia & Tissue growth
 Neoplasia is a serious disturbance of growth of tissues.
 Results in malfunction of organ systems.
 Often culminates in death unless treated.
 Neoplasia is a multifactorial disease.
 Neoplasia in the veterinary species.
 The tumours that occur in the veterinary species are spontaneous,
naturally-occurring states.
 Naturally-occurring neoplasia is most common in mature/ geriatric
animals.
 Companion animals have the highest tumour occurrence, especially
dogs and cats.
 There are some species differences in the incidence of some types of
tumour.
 FeLV-induced neoplasia in cats.
 Testicular tumours in dogs.
 Alimentary tumours in cattle and sheep.
 Tumors in general and cancers in particular
are tissues growing under special
conditions. ... Tissue growth is initiated by external
factors affecting a more or less complicated system
and leading to chains of reaction which may be
identical, or at least similar, even in cases in which
the primary causes differ.
  Types of neoplasia
 neoplasms into four main groups:
 Benign neoplasms,
 In situ neoplasms,
 Malignant neoplasms,
 Neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior.
Malignant neoplasms are also simply known as
cancers and are the focus of oncology.
 benign tumor is not a malignant tumor, which is
cancer. It does not invade nearby tissue or spread to
other parts of the body the way cancer can. In most
cases, the outlook with benign tumors is very good.
 Classification of Neoplasia
 Neoplasms are classified so that one can:
 Deduce a prognosis
 Investigate the cause
 Perhaps with a view to prevention
 Assess the results of treatment.
 It must be remembered that there are several types of proliferative
change, and neoplasia must be distinguised from these.
 In addition to neoplasia, hyperplasia and dysplasia are also proliferative
changes.
 Inflammatory, repair and granuloma lesions may also masquerade
as neoplasms.
 However, destructive or necrotic tumours may have inflammation present.
 Unlike inflammation, hyperplasia or dysplasia, neoplastic cells
show uncontrolled proliferation in the absence of a triggering
stimulus.
 Causes of Neoplasia
 The causes of neoplasia are complex.
 The risk of an animal developing a tumour is often related to a combination of events:
 Exposure to a carcinogen.
 A carcinogen is any agent causing normal cells to become neoplastic.
 Environmental co-carcinogens;
 Predisposing host factors.
 In a few cases there is a known aetiological agent.
 For example, the Feline Leukaemia virus.
 In the majority of neoplasias the cause is unknown or only partially explained.
 There appear to be extrinsic and intrinsic causal factors involved.
 Extrinsic Causes
 Physical agents
 UV light
 Ionising radiation
 Tumour viruses
 DNA viruses
 RNA viruses
 Chemical carcinogens
 Aromatic hydrocarbons
 Nitrosamines
 Benzidines
 Mycotoxins
 Other tests used to diagnose neoplastic diseases
and cancers include:
 CT scans
 MRI scans
 PET scans
 mammograms
 ultrasounds
 X-rays
 endoscopy
 Neoplastic disease symptoms
 anemia
 shortness of breath
 abdominal pain
 persistent fatigue
 loss of appetite
 chills
 diarrhea
 fever
 bloody stools
 lesions
 skin masses
 Neoplasm treatment
 If the cancer is limited to one area and hasn't
spread, the tumor may be removed through
surgery. Other common treatments include
chemotherapy, which kills cancer cells throughout
the body, and radiation therapy, which kills cancer
cells in a specific area of the body
 The sooner a malignant neoplasm is detected, the
more effectively it can be treated, so early
diagnosis is important. Many types of
cancer can be cured. Treatment for other
types can allow people to live for many years with
cancer.