MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

Edition
Fourth Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Sample Problem 9.8

For the uniform beam and loading shown,

determine the reaction at each support and
the slope at end A.

SOLUTION:
• Release the “redundant” support at B, and find deformation.
• Apply reaction at B as an unknown load to force zero displacement at B.

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 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Fourth Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Sample Problem 9.8

• Distributed Loading:

 yB  w   w
24 EI

x 4  2 Lx3  L3 x 

At point B, x  23 L

w  2  
4 3
2  3 2 
 yB  w   L   2 L L   L  L 
24 EI  3  3   3 
wL4
 0.01132
EI

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 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Fourth Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Sample Problem 9.8

• Redundant Reaction Loading:

Pa 2b 2
At x  a, y
3EIL

For a  23 L and b  13 L

2 2
R 2   L
 yB  R  B  L  
3EIL  3   3 
RB L3
 0.01646
EI

© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9-3

 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Fourth Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Sample Problem 9.8

• For compatibility with original supports, yB =

0 wL4 RB L3
0   y B  w   y B  R  0.01132  0.01646
EI EI
RB  0.688wL 

• From statics,
R A  0.271wL  RC  0.0413wL 

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 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Fourth Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Sample Problem 9.8

Slope at end A,
wL3 wL3
 A  w    0.04167
24 EI EI

 A  R 
 

Pb L2  b 2 0.0688wL  L   2  L  
2
   L      0.03398
wL3
6 EIL 6 EIL  3    3   EI

wL3 wL3 wL3

 A   A  w   A  R  0.04167  0.03398  A  0.00769
EI EI EI

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 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Fourth Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Moment-Area Theorems
• Geometric properties of the elastic curve can
be used to determine deflection and slope.

• Consider a beam subjected to arbitrary loading,

d d 2 y M
 
dx dx 2 EI
D xD
M
 d   EI
dx
C xC
xD
M
 D  C   EI
dx
xC

• First Moment-Area Theorem:

 D C  area under (M/EI) diagram between
C and D.

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 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Fourth Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Moment-Area Theorems
• Tangents to the elastic curve at P and P’ intercept
a segment of length dt on the vertical through C.
M
dt  x1d  x1 dx
EI
xD
M
tC D   x1
EI
dx = tangential deviation of C
xC with respect to D

• Second Moment-Area Theorem:

The tangential deviation of C with respect to D
is equal to the first moment with respect to a
vertical axis through C of the area under the
(M/EI) diagram between C and D.

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 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Fourth Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Application to Cantilever Beams and Beams With

Symmetric Loadings
• Cantilever beam - Select tangent at A as the
reference.
with θ A  0,
D  D A
yD  tD A

• Simply supported, symmetrically loaded

beam - select tangent at C as the reference.
with θC  0,
B  B C
yB  tB C

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 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Fourth Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Bending Moment Diagrams by Parts

• Determination of the change of slope and the
tangential deviation is simplified if the effect of
each load is evaluated separately.

• Construct a separate (M/EI) diagram for each

load.
- The change of slope, D/C, is obtained by
adding the areas under the diagrams.
- The tangential deviation, tD/C is obtained by
adding the first moments of the areas with
respect to a vertical axis through D.

• Bending moment diagram constructed from

individual loads is said to be drawn by parts.

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 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Fourth Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Sample Problem 9.11

SOLUTION:
• Determine the reactions at supports.

• Construct shear, bending moment and

For the prismatic beam shown, determine
the slope and deflection at E.
(M/EI) diagrams.
• Taking the tangent at C as the
reference, evaluate the slope and
tangential deviations at E.

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 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Fourth Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Sample Problem 9.11

SOLUTION:
• Determine the reactions at supports.
RB  RD  wa

• Construct shear, bending moment and

(M/EI) diagrams.
wa 2  L  wa 2 L
A1    
2 EI  2  4 EI

1  wa 2  wa 3
A2  
 
 a  
3  2 EI  6 EI

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 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Fourth Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Sample Problem 9.11

• Slope at E:
 E  C   E C   E C

wa 2 L wa 3
 A1  A2   
4 EI 6 EI
wa 2
E    3L  2a 
12 EI

• Deflection at E:
yE  tE C  t D C
  L  3a    L 
  A1 a    A2     A1 
  4  4    4 
 wa 3 L wa 2 L2 wa 4   wa 2 L2 
       
 4 EI 16 EI 8 EI   16 EI 

wa 3
yE    2L  a 
8 EI
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 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Fourth Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Application of Moment-Area Theorems to Beams With

Unsymmetric Loadings
• Define reference tangent at support A. Evaluate A
by determining the tangential deviation at B with
respect to A.
tB A
A  
L
• The slope at other points is found with respect to
reference tangent.
D   A  D A

• The deflection at D is found from the tangential

deviation at D.
EF HB x
 EF  tB A
x L L
x
yD  ED  EF  t D A  tB A
L

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 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Fourth Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Maximum Deflection
• Maximum deflection occurs at point K
where the tangent is horizontal.
tB A
A  
L
K  0   A K A
 K A   A

• Point K may be determined by measuring

an area under the (M/EI) diagram equal
to -A .

• Obtain ymax by computing the first

moment with respect to the vertical axis
through A of the area between A and K.

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 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Fourth Beer • Johnston • DeWolf

Use of Moment-Area Theorems With Statically

Indeterminate Beams
• Reactions at supports of statically indeterminate
beams are found by designating a redundant
constraint and treating it as an unknown load which
satisfies a displacement compatibility requirement.
• The (M/EI) diagram is drawn by parts. The
resulting tangential deviations are superposed and
related by the compatibility requirement.
• With reactions determined, the slope and deflection
are found from the moment-area method.

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