Aphasia

By: Hasan
Arafat
1. What is
aphasia ?
• Impairment of language, affecting the
production or comprehension of speech
and the ability to read or write.
2.
Causes
• Aphasia is caused by damage to the parts
of the brain that control speech:
1. Injury;
2. Stroke.
• Progressive aphasia is caused by:
1. Brain tumors;
2. Infection;
3. Dementia.
• Transient aphasia caused by:
1. Epilepsy;
2. Migraine.
3.Classification
• Expressive aphasia (Broca’s aphasia):
1. Broca’s motor speech area (left frontal
lobe);
2. Disrupts the ability to speak;
3. Right sided weakness in the leg and arm.
•
Receptive aphasia (Wernicke’s aphasia):
1. Produce speech without any
grammatical problems;
2. Cannot convey the meaning;
3. No body weakness.
B. Video- Broca’s
aphasia
C. Video- Wernicke’s
aphasia
4. Signs and
symptoms
• Inability to comprehend language;
• Inability to pronounce, not due to
muscle paralysis or weakness;
• Inability to form words;
• Inability to read and write;
• limited verbal output;
• Difficulty in naming;
• Other symptoms.
5.
Diagnosis
• Usually diagnosed by the physician who
treats the person for his/her brain injury;
• Frequently a neurologist;
• Tests include:
1. Following commands;
2. Answering questions;
3. Naming objects;
4. Carrying on a conversation.
• The patient is usually referred to a
speech- language pathologist:-
comprehensive examination.
6.
Treatment
• In some cases, the patient may recover from
aphasia without treatment- transient
ischemic attack;
• For most cases, however, language recovery
is not as quick or as complete;
• Aphasia therapy encourages the patient to:
1. Use remaining language abilities;
2. Restore language ability;
3. Compensate for language problems;
4. Learn other methods of communicating.
6. Treatment
(Cont.)
• Individual therapy (specific
needs);
• Group therapy (stroke clubs);
7. How aphasia can be
prevented?
• Regular exercise;
• Eating Healthy;
• Keeping alcohol consumption low and
avoid using tobacco;
• Controlling blood pressure.
A well-known
case
Questions
?
1.
Overview
• Language development varies
among individuals;
• Health professionals have milestones;
• Common words: ‘Dada’, ‘Mama’,
’Dog’, ‘Hi’;
• Delay may 1. be due loss;
Hearing to:
2. Language disorder.
• Language disorders: mean that the child
has trouble understanding what others say
or difficulty sharing his thoughts.
A.
Comparison
Type of Repetition Namin Auditory
aphasia g c omprehensio
Broca’s aphasia Mod- Mod- n
Mild
sever difficulty
seve
r

Wernicke’s Mod- Mod- defective

aphasia sever
seve
r