KONGU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

BRAIN COMPUTER
INTERFACE

By

Pravin kumar S 19CSR144

Ravichandran B 19CSR155
 INTRODUCTION

 Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a fast-growing

emergent technology.

 directcommunication pathway between a brain and an

external device.

 Often aimed at assisting, augmenting or repairing

human cognitive or sensory-motor functions.
 HOW THE BRAIN TURNS THOUGHTS
INTO ACTION ?

 Neurons are connected to each other by axons and dendrites.

 Super highway for nerve impulses to travel from neuron to

neuron to produce thought, hearing, speech, or movement.

 The electrical signals that generated the thought and action

travel at a rate of about 250 feet per second or faster, in some
cases.
 HOW DOES IT WORK?
 Signal Acquisition and Preprocessing

 Feature extraction

 Feature classification

 Device control
 BCI MOTIVATION
In USA, more than 200,000 patients live with the motor
sequelae (consequences) of serious injury. There are two ways to
help them restore some motor function:

 Repair the damaged nerve axons

 Build neuroprosthetic device

 BCI PRINCIPLE

 Primary motor area sends movement commands to muscles via

spinal cord.

 For paralyzed people this pathway is interrupted.

 A Computer based decoder is used, which translates this

activity into commands for muscle control.
 BCI Types

BCI Types

Invasive Partial Invasive Non Invasive

Neurosurgery ECoG EEG MEG fMRI

 INVASIVE BCIS

 Implanted: grey matter

 Signals: highest quality

 Scar-tissue build-up

 Target:
• repairing damaged sight
• providing new functionality to persons with paralysis
• Artificial Vision System
 NON-INVASIVE BCIS
 Outside the skull

 Power muscle implants and restore partial movement

 Poor signal resolution

 Interfaces
 Electroencephalography (EEG)

 Magnetoencephalography(MEG)

 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

 PARTIALLY-INVASIVE BCIS

 Implanted: skull

 Scar-tissue: lower risk

 An Electrocorticograph (ECoG) records the activity of

the brain inside the skull.

 Signal quality between invasive BCIs & non-invasive

BCIs
 WIRELESS BCIS

 More practical

 Embedding multiple chips

 More complicated thoughts

 Transmission with RF

 key requirement: keep the heat down

 Applications of BCI

Individuals who are severely disabled by

disorders such as

 Brainstem stroke

 Spinal-cord injuries

 Muscular dystrophies

 Chronic peripheral neuropathies

 ADVANTAGE OF BCI

 Transmit visual images to the mind of

a blind person, allowing them to see.

 People to control prosthetic limbs with their mind.

 Transmit auditory data to the mind of a deaf person.

 Gamers to control video games with their minds.

 DISADVANTAGE OF BCI

 Research is still in beginning stages.

 Ethical issues may prevent its development.

 Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very

few electric signals from the brain.

 Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar tissue

in the brain.
 As BCI technology further advances, brain tissue
may one day give way to implanted silicon chips
thereby creating a completely computerized
simulation of the human brain that can be
augmented at will.
ANY queries …..
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
!!

By
Pravinkumar S - 19SR144
Ravichandran B - 19CSR155