PICTURE TALK: What can you say about the picture on the screen?

Yin Yang: Two halves that together complete wholeness. It is the

concept of duality forming a whole.
 Integrating Reading and Writing Skills

Reading and writing are companion activities that engage students in

the creation of thought and meaning—either as READERS
interpreting a text or asWRITERS constructing one.

Reading is a mental process. In Longman Dictionary ofApplied

Linguistic, reading is said as:

1. “Perceiving a written text in order to understand its contents. This

can be done silently (silent reading).The understanding that result is
called readingcomprehension.
2. Saying a written text aloud (oral reading). This canbe done with or
without understanding of thecontent.”
 Writing is a form of communication that allows a person to put
his/her feelings and ideas on paper, to organize their knowledge and
beliefs into convincing arguments, and to convey meaning through
well-constructed text.

Reading and Writing Processes

Pre-Reading > Reading > Post-Reading

Pre-Writing > Writing > Revising > Editing
Exploring the Sea of Goodness

1.) Do you believe that a sea of goodness ispossible in this world? 2.) I always believe it is
possible. 3.)Doing something good, no matter what the consequences willalways make me
contented and secure. 4.) There are a lot ofwaysI can do such, especially in doing something
“good” forothers. 5.) The steps are easy but zealousness, humility and consistency are the
subtle ways. Here are the simple ones: 6.)The first one is I imagine that I am in the place of
the other person I’ll do good to. 7.) Next, I’ll imagine how she’ll feel andreact. 8.) That way,
I’ll think doing good to others will make me at least a better person. 9.) That will make me be
grateful that I have done something good. 10.) With these simple but notableways I can
prove to myself, to others and to God that I canexplore the sea of goodness in this ever
changing world. 11.)How about you, can you explore it also? 12.) I bet you can!

Is this an example of a discourse?

 Write an essay that has two paragraphs.

 a ride at the theme park

 your dream house
 your comfort food

Questions for processing:

1. What are the things you considered in writing the essay?

2. What kind of words did you use in conveying the message you
wanted to express?
Written text or spoken words both carrymessages and its own
meaning.

TEXT AND DISCOURSE

Originally the word 'discourse' comes from Latin 'discursus' which

denoted 'conversation, speech'. Discourse is a term used in
LINGUISTICS to refer to a continuous stretch of(especially spoken)
LANGUAGE larger than a SENTENCE
—but, within this broad notion, several different applicationsmay be
found.
At its most, a discourse is a behavioral UNIT which has a pre-theoretical status
in linguistics: it is a set of UTTERANCES which constitute any recognizable
SPEECH event, e.g. a conversation, a joke, a sermon, an interview…
[Crystal,Dictionary of nlinguistics and phonetics, 3rd edn 1991]

In the broad sense, discourse ‘includes’ TEXT (q.v.), but thetwo terms are not
always easily distinguished, and are oftenused synonymously.
Text

 A large unit of written language

 A group of ideas put together to make a point or centralidea

 Has structure which requires the ideas in the discourse tobe

relevant to each other
Some linguists would restrict discourse to spoken communication, and
reserve text for written:

1. Result of the process of speech production in graphic form

2. Indirect (processed) speech
3. No personal contacts between agents
4. Perception of speech in different space and time
5. One agent
Some linguists would restrict discourse to spokencommunication, and
reserve text for written:

1. The process of speech production in the form of a sound

2. Spontaneous speech in a particular situation with thehelp of verbal
and nonverbal means
3. Personal contacts between agents
4. Generation and perception of speech in a unity of spaceand time
5. Two authors constantly change their roles ‘speaker –
hearer’ (bilateral discourse).