Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

» It is used to test the non-significance of the differences among

several groups at the same time.

ANOVA with Equal Sample Size

To test the hypothesis that more than two means are equal,
such as

Ho: µ1 = µ2 = µ3 = … = µn
Analysis of Variance Table

Source of Variation Sum of Squares Degree of Freedom Mean of Squares F-Value

SSB
Between SSB c-1 MSB=
c-1 MSB
F=
SSW MSW
Within SSW n-c MSW=
n-c
Total SST n-1
Where

SST = Ci2 - 1 (Ci)2

n

1 1
SSB = r (Ci) 2-
n (Ci)
2
 ANOVA WITH UNEQUAL SAMPLE SIZE

n 1 n2
SSB=  (Ci)- 2
(Ci)
n
i=1
ni i=1

n
SST= Ci 2 - 1 n2
(C
n i
)
i=1 i=1
Example:
A company used different machines in the production of their
product. The length of time to finished a product is identified
below. Test the claim that the different machines has the same
mean at the .01 significance level

Machine A Machine B Machine C

5 8 10
7 7 8
10 5 9
8 5 7
6 8 10
3 8
11
13
 Solution:

Step 1: Ho: µ1 = µ2 = µ3 (There are no significant differences in the production

of products)
Ha: µ1 µ2 µ3 (There are significant differences the production of
products)
Step 2:  = .01
Step 3: Computation and ANOVA TABLE

C1 C12 C2 C22 C3 C32

5 25 8 64 10 100
7 49 7 49 8 64
10 100 5 25 9 81
8 64 5 25 7 49
6 36 8 64 10 100
3 9 8 64
11 121
__ __ __ __ 13 169
Total 39 283 33 227 76 748
n1 = 6 n2=5 n3=8
 n
SSB=  (Ci)-
2
1 n2
(Ci)
ni n
i=1 i=1

6
[
= (39)2 + (33)2
5 8
+ (76)2 - (39+33+76)2
19 ]
= 1193.3 - 1152.84
SSB = 40.46
n
Ci 2 - n
SST= (Ci)
1 2
n
i=1 i=1

= (283+227+748) - (39+33+76)2
19
= 1258 - 1152.84
SST = 105.16
SSW = SST - SSB
= 105.16 - 40.46 SSW = 64.7
 ANOVA TABLE
Source of Variation Sum of Squares Degree of Freedom Mean of Squares F-Value
Between SSB = 40.46 2 20.23
5.0
Within SSW= 64.70 16 4.04
Total SST = 105.16 18
STEP 4: Decision
rejection
df (2, 16)
tabular value = 6.23 Acceptance

5.0 6.23

Accept Ho, reject Ha