Speaking :

Speech Acts
 A speech act is an act that a speaker performs when making
an utterance, including the following:
 A general act (illocutionary act) that a speaker performs, analyzable as
including:
 the uttering of words (utterance acts)
 making reference and predicating (propositional acts), and
 a particular intention in making the utterance (illocutionary force)
 An act involved in the illocutionary act, including utterance acts and
propositional acts
 The production of a particular effect in the addressee (perlocutionary
act)
 3 Types of Speeches

 Informative Informative speaking generally centers on talking about

people, events, processes, places, or things.
 Persuasive Persuasive speaking is the type of speaking that most
people engage in the most. This type of speech can involve
everything from arguing about politics to talking about what to eat for
dinner.
 Special Occasion/Complimenting A Special Occasion (or
ceremonial, commemorative, or epideictic) speech should pay tribute
or praise a person, an institution, an event, idea, or place.
Informative Speech

 An informative speech may be a five minute

overview of an object or an event, a three hour
seminar covering an abstract concept, or anything in
between.  But it's true that virtually any informative
speech will benefit from good supporting information.
General Reference resources are a good place to
start.
 Informative Speech
 generally centers on talking about people, events, processes, places,
or things. Informing an audience about one of these subjects without
being persuasive is often a difficult task to complete.
 All speech has an effect that might enable individuals to self-persuade
themselves. The line walked during an informative speech, as opposed
to a persuasive speech, is to not make persuasion an explicit and
obvious goal.
 An informative speech on peace lilies might cover both the advantages
and disadvantages of these houseplants; a persuasive speech would
take a firm position on the virtues of peace lilies.
 Informative Speech
Tips for informative speaking:
 Analyze the audience.
 Use appropriate language.
 Explain the importance of the topic. 
 Express interest in the subject material. 
 Show, don't tell. 
 Be specific. 
 Persuasive Speech
 This type of speech can involve everything from arguing about
politics to talking about what to eat for dinner. Persuasive speaking
is very connected to the audience, as the speaker must, in a sense,
meet the audience halfway. Persuasion, obviously, is not entirely
controlled by the speaker--persuasion occurs when an audience
assents to what a speaker says. Consequently, persuasive
speaking requires extra attention to audience analysis.
 Traditionally, persuasion involves ethos (credibility), logos (logic),
and pathos (emotion). By performing these three elements
competently, a speaker can enhance their persuasive power.
 Complimentary Speech
 pay tribute or praise a person, an institution, an event, idea, or
place. Their focus is on VALUES. All societies hold certain values
central to human existence: beauty, loyalty, wisdom, kindness,
tradition, success, innocence, experience, and courage, for
example. This include the eulogy, the speech of nomination, the
speech of goodwill, the wedding toast, and the award acceptance
speech.
 This speech is not just informative. Thus, for example a speaker
would not just give a biography of Ghandi, but rather would
celebrate who he was, why he was worthy of praise, and encourage
the audience to celebrate those values.
Task: In groups, create a dialogue to represents
the 3 types of speech acts.
 Informative
 Persuasive
 Complimenting
The end…..