Area targeting

Dr. Anees Y. Khan

Chemical Engineering Department
Manipal University Jaipur
Problem
stream Ts(oC) Tt(oC) CP(kW/oC) h (kW/oC/m2)
h1 159 77 22.85 0.1
h2 267 80 2.04 0.04
h3 343 90 5.38 0.5
c1 26 127 9.33 0.01
c2 118 265 19.61 0.5
st 300 299   0.05
cw 20 60   0.2

For ∆Tmin=10 oC, find balanced composite curves (BCC) and also find CP values of the utilities.
Find the total values of area required for heat exchanger network.

Hot utility (st) = 1064.52 kW

CP (st) = 1064.52 kW/oC
Cold utility (cw) = 855.84 kW
CP(cw) = 855.84/(60-20) = 21.396 kW/oC
Step 1: Arrange temperatures of hot streams (including HU) in
increasing order
stream Ts(oC) Tt(oC) CP(kW/oC) h (kW/oC/m2
T h1 159 77 22.85 0.1
77
h2 267 80 2.04 0.04
 
h3 343 90 5.38 0.5
80
  c1 26 127 9.33 0.01
90 c2 118 265 19.61 0.5
  st 300 299 1064.52  0.05
159 cw 20 60 21.396  0.2
 
267
 
299
 
300
 
343
Step 2: Indicate temperature intervals of hot streams
T h1 h2 h3 st stream Ts(oC) Tt(oC) CP(kW/oC)
77        
h1 159 77 22.85
  22.85      
h2 267 80 2.04
80        
h3 343 90 5.38
  22.85 2.04    
90         c1 26 127 9.33
  22.85 2.04 5.38   c2 118 265 19.61
159         st 300 299 1064.52 
    2.04 5.38   cw 20 60 21.396 
267        
      5.38  
299        
      5.38 1064.5
300        
      5.38  
343        
Step 3: Find summation CPh in the given temperature interval
T h1 h2 h3 st ∑CPh
77          
  22.85       22.85
80          
  22.85 2.04     24.89
90          
  22.85 2.04 5.38   30.27
159          
    2.04 5.38   7.42
267          
      5.38   5.38
299          
      5.38 1064.5 1069.88
300          
      5.38   5.38
343          
Step 4: Find temperature difference within the intervals of hot streams
T h1 h2 h3 st ∑CPh ∆T
77            
  22.85       22.85 3
80            
  22.85 2.04     24.89 10
90            
  22.85 2.04 5.38   30.27 69
159            
    2.04 5.38   7.42 108
267            
      5.38   5.38 32
299            
      5.38 1064.5 1069.88 1
300            
      5.38   5.38 43
343            
Step 5: Find Qh = ∑CPh x ∆T
T h1 h2 h3 st ∑CPh ∆T Qh
77              
  22.85       22.85 3 68.55
80              
  22.85 2.04     24.89 10 248.9
90              
  22.85 2.04 5.38   30.27 69 2088.63
159              
    2.04 5.38   7.42 108 801.36
267              
      5.38   5.38 32 172.16
299              
      5.38 1064.5 1069.88 1 1069.88
300              
      5.38   5.38 43 231.34
343              
Step 6: Find cumulative Qh (Qhcum)
T h1 h2 h3 st ∑CPh ∆T Qh Qhcum
77                0
  22.85       22.85 3 68.55
80               68.55
  22.85 2.04     24.89 10 248.9  
90               317.45
  22.85 2.04 5.38   30.27 69 2088.63  
159               2406.08
    2.04 5.38   7.42 108 801.36  
267               3207.44
      5.38   5.38 32 172.16  
299               3379.6
      5.38 1064.5 1069.88 1 1069.88  
300               4449.48
      5.38   5.38 43 231.34  
343               4680.82
Step 7: Arrange temperatures of cold streams (including CU) in
increasing order
stream Ts(oC) Tt(oC) CP(kW/oC)
T
h1 159 77 22.85
20
h2 267 80 2.04
  h3 343 90 5.38
26 c1 26 127 9.33
  c2 118 265 19.61
60 st 300 299 1064.52 
  cw 20 60 21.396 
118
 
127
 
265
Step 8: Indicate temperature intervals of cold streams

T c1 c2 cw
stream Ts(oC) Tt(oC) CP(kW/oC)
20       h1 159 77 22.85
      21.396 h2 267 80 2.04
26       h3 343 90 5.38
  9.33   21.396 c1 26 127 9.33
60       c2 118 265 19.61
  9.33     st 300 299 1064.52 
118       cw 20 60 21.396 
  9.33 19.61  
127      
    19.61  
265      
Step 9: Find summation CPc in the given temperature interval

T c1 c2 cw ∑CPc
20        
      21.396 21.396
26        
  9.33   21.396 30.726
60        
  9.33     9.33
118        
  9.33 19.61   28.94
127        
    19.61   19.61
265        
Step 10: Find temperature difference in the given temperature interval

T c1 c2 cw ∑CPc ∆T
20          
      21.396 21.396 6
26          
  9.33   21.396 30.726 34
60          
  9.33     9.33 58
118          
  9.33 19.61   28.94 9
127          
    19.61   19.61 138
265          
Step 11: Find Qc

T c1 c2 cw ∑CPc ∆T Qc
20            
      21.396 21.396 6 128.376
26            
  9.33   21.396 30.726 34 1044.684
60            
  9.33     9.33 58 541.14
118            
  9.33 19.61   28.94 9 260.46
127            
    19.61   19.61 138 2706.18
265            
Step 12: Find cumulative Qc (Qccum)

T c1 c2 cw ∑CPc ∆T Qc Qccum
20             0
      21.396 21.396 6 128.376
26             128.376
  9.33   21.396 30.726 34 1044.684  
60             1173.06
  9.33     9.33 58 541.14  
118             1714.2
  9.33 19.61   28.94 9 260.46  
127             1974.66
    19.61   19.61 138 2706.18  
265             4680.84
Qhcum T
 0 77 Qccum T
  0 20
68.55 80  
   
128.376 26
317.45 90
       
2406.08 159 1173.06 60
       
3207.44 267 1714.2 118
       
3379.6 299
1974.66 127
   
4449.48 300    
    4680.84 265
4680.82 343
 Balanced Composite Curves
350
bh
300 cc

250

200
T(oC)

150

100

50

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

H (kW)
 Balanced Composite Curves
350
bh
300 cc

250

200
T(oC)

150

100

50

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

H (kW)
Qhcum T CP
 0 77 Qccum T CP
  0 20
68.55 80 22.85  
     
128.376 26 21.396
317.45 90 24.89
           
2406.08 159 30.27 1173.06 60 30.726
           
3207.44 267 7.42 1714.2 118 9.33
           
3379.6 299 5.38
1974.66 127 28.94
     
4449.48 300 1069.88      
      4680.84 265 19.61
4680.82 343 5.38
enthalpy int Th Bhcc Tc Bccc CP
0  
68.55 22.85
128.376 21.396
317.45 24.89
1173.06 30.726
1714.2 9.33
1974.66 28.94
2406.08 30.27
3207.44 7.42
3379.6 5.38
4449.48 1069.9
4680.82 19.61
enthalpy int Th Bhcc Tc Bccc CP
0 77 Th1 20 Tc1  
68.55 80 Th2   Tc2 22.85
128.376 Th3 26 Tc3 21.396
317.45 90 Th4   Tc4 24.89
1173.06 Th5 60 Tc5 30.726
1714.2 Th6 118 Tc6 9.33
1974.66 Th7 127 Tc7 28.94
2406.08 159 Th8   Tc8 30.27
3207.44 267 Th9   Tc9 7.42
3379.6 299 Th10   Tc10 5.38
4449.48 300 Th11   Tc11 1069.9
4680.82 343 Th12 265 Tc12 19.61
Interval no enthalpy int Th Bhcc Tc Bccc CP
  0 77 Th1 20 Tc1  
1 68.55 80 Th2   Tc2 22.85
2 128.376 Th3 26 Tc3 21.396
3 317.45 90 Th4   Tc4 24.89
4 1173.06 Th5 60 Tc5 30.726
5 1714.2 Th6 118 Tc6 9.33
6 1974.66 Th7 127 Tc7 28.94
7 2406.08 159 Th8   Tc8 30.27
8 3207.44 267 Th9   Tc9 7.42
9 3379.6 299 Th10   Tc10 5.38
10 4449.48 300 Th11   Tc11 1069.9
11 4680.82 343 Th12 265 Tc12 19.61
Interval no enthalpy int Th Bhcc Tc Bccc CP
  0 77 Th1 20 Tc1  
1 68.55 80 Th2 23.2 Tc2 22.85
2 128.376 82.4 Th3 26 Tc3 21.396
3 317.45 90 Th4 32.15 Tc4 24.89
4 1173.06 118.26 Th5 60 Tc5 30.726
5 1714.2 136.1 Th6 118 Tc6 9.33
6 1974.66 144.75 Th7 127 Tc7 28.94
7 2406.08 159 Th8 149.0 Tc8 30.27
8 3207.44 267 Th9 189.9 Tc9 7.42
9 3379.6 299 Th10 198.6 Tc10 5.38
10 4449.48 300 Th11 253.2 Tc11 1069.9
11 4680.82 343 Th12 265 Tc12 19.61
 Qhcum values
enthalpy h1 h2 h3 St
int no int (0.1) (0.04) (0.5) (0.05) Th Tc
0 77 20 T h1 h2 h3 st ∑CPh Qhcum
77            0
1 68.55 22.85 80 23.2   22.85       22.85
2 128.376 22.85 2.04 82.4 26 80           68.55
3 317.45 22.85 2.04   90 32.15   22.85 2.04     24.89  
90           317.45
4 1173.06 22.85 2.04 5.38 118.2 60   22.85 2.04 5.38   30.27  
5 1714.2 22.85 2.04 5.38 136.1 118 159           2406.08
6 1974.66 22.85 2.04 5.38 144.7 127     2.04 5.38   7.42  
267           3207.44
7 2406.08 22.85 2.04 5.38 159 149.0       5.38   5.38  
8 3207.44   2.04 5.38 267 189.8 299           3379.6
9 3379.6   5.38   299 198.6       5.38 1064.5 1069.88  
300           4449.48
10 4449.48 5.38 1069.9 300 253.2       5.38   5.38  
11 4680.82 5.38 343 265 343           4680.82
 enthalpy h1 h2 h3 St ∑CPh/
int no int (0.1) (0.04) (0.5) (0.05) Th Tc h
0 77 20
1 68.55 22.85 80 23.2 228.5
2 128.376 22.85 2.04 82.4 26 279.5
3 317.45 22.85 2.04   90 32.15 279.5
4 1173.06 22.85 2.04 5.38 118.2 60 290.26
5 1714.2 22.85 2.04 5.38 136.1 118 290.26
6 1974.66 22.85 2.04 5.38 144.7 127 290.26
7 2406.08 22.85 2.04 5.38 159 149.0 290.26
8 3207.44   2.04 5.38 267 189.8 61.76
9 3379.6   5.38   299 198.6 10.76
21408.
10 4449.48 5.38 1069.9 300 253.2 7
11 4680.82 5.38 343 265 10.76
Revisiting cumulative Qc (Qccum)

T c1 c2 cw ∑CPc Qccum
20         0
      21.396 21.396
26         128.376
  9.33   21.396 30.726  
60         1173.06
  9.33     9.33  
118         1714.2
  9.33 19.61   28.94  
127         1974.66
    19.61   19.61  
265         4680.84
 enthalpy h1 h2 h3 St C1 C2 Cw ∑CPh/
int no int (0.1) (0.04) (0.5) (0.05) (0.01) (0.5) (0.2) Th Tc h
0 77 20
1 68.55 22.85 21.396 80 23.2 228.5
2 128.376 22.85 2.04 21.396 82.4 26 279.5
3 317.45 22.85 2.04   9.33 21.396 90 32.15 279.5
4 1173.06 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33 21.396 118.2 60 290.26
5 1714.2 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33   136.1 118 290.26
6 1974.66 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33 19.61 144.7 127 290.26
7 2406.08 22.85 2.04 5.38 19.61 159 149.0 290.26
8 3207.44   2.04 5.38 19.61 267 189.8 61.76
9 3379.6   5.38   19.61 299 198.6 10.76
21408.
10 4449.48 5.38 1069.9 19.61 300 253.2 7
11 4680.82 5.38 19.61 343 265 10.76
 enthalpy h1 h2 h3 St C1 C2 Cw ∑CPh/
int no int (0.1) (0.04) (0.5) (0.05) (0.01) (0.5) (0.2) Th Tc h ∑CPc/h
0 77 20
1 68.55 22.85 21.396 80 23.2 228.5 106.98
2 128.376 22.85 2.04 21.396 82.4 26
279.5 106.98
1039.9
3 317.45 22.85 2.04   9.33 21.396 90 32.15 279.5 8
1039.9
4 1173.06 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33 21.396 118.2 60 290.26 8
5 1714.2 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33   136.1 118 290.26 933
6 1974.66 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33 19.61 144.7 127 290.26 972.22
7 2406.08 22.85 2.04 5.38 19.61 159 149.0 290.26 39.22
8 3207.44   2.04 5.38 19.61 267 189.8 61.76 39.22
9 3379.6   5.38   19.61 299 198.6 10.76 39.22
21408.
10 4449.48 5.38 1069.9 19.61 300 253.2 7 39.22
11 4680.82 5.38 19.61 343 265 10.76 39.22
 enthalpy h1 h2 h3 St C1 C2 Cw ∑CPh/ ∑CPc/
int no int (0.1) (0.04) (0.5) (0.05) (0.01) (0.5) (0.2) Th Tc h h ∑Q/h
0 77 20
1028.2
1 68.55 22.85 21.396 80 23.2 228.5 106.98 5
2 128.376 22.85 2.04 21.396 82.4 26 279.5 106.98 970.9
 enthalpy h1 h2 h3 St C1 C2 Cw ∑CPh/ ∑CPc/
int no int (0.1) (0.04) (0.5) (0.05) (0.01) (0.5) (0.2) Th Tc h h ∑Q/h
0 77 20
1028.2
1 68.55 22.85 21.396 80 23.2 228.5 106.98 5
2 128.376 22.85 2.04 21.396 82.4 26
279.5 106.98 970.9
1039.9
3 317.45 22.85 2.04   9.33 21.396 90 32.15 279.5 8 8522.7
1039.9 37164.
4 1173.06 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33 21.396 118.2 60 290.26 8 2
59303.
5 1714.2 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33   136.1 118 290.26 933 0
11247.
6 1974.66 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33 19.61 144.7 127 290.26 972.22 5
7 2406.08 22.85 2.04 5.38 19.61 159 149.0 290.26 39.22 4999.7
8 3207.44   2.04 5.38 19.61 267 189.8 61.76 39.22 8272.8
9 3379.6   5.38   19.61 299 198.6 10.76 39.22 688.64
21408. 23548.
10 4449.48 5.38 1069.9 19.61 300 253.2 7 39.22 5
11 4680.82 5.38 19.61 343 265 10.76 39.22 925.36
 enthalpy h1 h2 h3 St C1 C2 Cw ∑CPh/ ∑CPc/
int no int (0.1) (0.04) (0.5) (0.05) (0.01) (0.5) (0.2) Th Tc h h ∑Q/h ∆TLM
0 77 20
1028.2
1 68.55 22.85 21.396 80 23.2 228.5 106.98 5 56.898
2 128.376 22.85 2.04 21.396 82.4 26 279.5 106.98 970.9 56.599
 enthalpy h1 h2 h3 St C1 C2 Cw ∑CPh/ ∑CPc/
int no int (0.1) (0.04) (0.5) (0.05) (0.01) (0.5) (0.2) Th Tc h h ∑Q/h ∆TLM
0 77 20
1028.2
1 68.55 22.85 21.396 80 23.2 228.5 106.98 5 56.898
2 128.376 22.85 2.04 21.396 82.4 26
279.5 106.98 970.9 56.599
1039.9
3 317.45 22.85 2.04   9.33 21.396 90 32.15 279.5 8 8522.7 57.12
1039.9 37164.
4 1173.06 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33 21.396 118.2 60 290.26 8 2 58.05
59303.
5 1714.2 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33   136.1 118 290.26 933 0 34.38
11247.
6 1974.66 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33 19.61 144.7 127 290.26 972.22 5 17.9
7 2406.08 22.85 2.04 5.38 19.61 159 149.0 290.26 39.22 4999.7 13.5
8 3207.44   2.04 5.38 19.61 267 189.8 61.76 39.22 8272.8 32.86
9 3379.6   5.38   19.61 299 198.6 10.76 39.22 688.64 88.23
21408. 23548.
10 4449.48 5.38 1069.9 19.61 300 253.2 7 39.22 5 70.20
11 4680.82 5.38 19.61 343 265 10.76 39.22 925.36 61.07
 enthalpy h1 h2 h3 St C1 C2 Cw ∑CPh/ ∑CPc/
int no int (0.1) (0.04) (0.5) (0.05) (0.01) (0.5) (0.2) Th Tc h h ∑Q/h ∆TLM Ai
0 77 20
1028.2
1 68.55 22.85 21.396 80 23.2 228.5 106.98 5 56.898 18.07
2 128.376 22.85 2.04 21.396 82.4 26 279.5 106.98 970.9 56.599 17.15
1039.9
3 317.45 22.85 2.04   9.33 21.396 90 32.15 279.5 8 8522.7 57.12 149.20
 enthalpy h1 h2 h3 St C1 C2 Cw ∑CPh/ ∑CPc/
int no int (0.1) (0.04) (0.5) (0.05) (0.01) (0.5) (0.2) Th Tc h h ∑Q/h ∆TLM Ai
0 77 20
1028.2
1 68.55 22.85 21.396 80 23.2 228.5 106.98 5 56.898 18.07
2 128.376 22.85 2.04 21.396 82.4 26
279.5 106.98 970.9 56.599 17.15
1039.9
3 317.45 22.85 2.04   9.33 21.396 90 32.15 279.5 8 8522.7 57.12 149.20
1039.9 37164.
4 1173.06 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33 21.396 118.2 60 290.26 8 2 58.05 640.14
59303.
5 1714.2 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33   136.1 118 290.26 933 0 34.38 1724.4
11247.
6 1974.66 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33 19.61 144.7 127 290.26 972.22 5 17.9 626.79
7 2406.08 22.85 2.04 5.38 19.61 159 149.0 290.26 39.22 4999.7 13.5 370.22
8 3207.44   2.04 5.38 19.61 267 189.8 61.76 39.22 8272.8 32.86 251.7
9 3379.6   5.38   19.61 299 198.6 10.76 39.22 688.64 88.23 7.8
21408. 23548.
10 4449.48 5.38 1069.9 19.61 300 253.2 7 39.22 5 70.20 335.43
11 4680.82 5.38 19.61 343 265 10.76 39.22 925.36 61.07 15.15
 enthalpy h1 h2 h3 St C1 C2 Cw ∑CPh/ ∑CPc/
int no int (0.1) (0.04) (0.5) (0.05) (0.01) (0.5) (0.2) Th Tc h h ∑Q/h ∆TLM Ai
0 77 20
1028.2
1 68.55 22.85 21.396 80 23.2 228.5 106.98 5 56.898 18.07
2 128.376 22.85 2.04 21.396 82.4 26
279.5 106.98 970.9 56.599 17.15
1039.9
3 317.45 22.85 2.04   9.33 21.396 90 32.15 279.5 8 8522.7 57.12 149.20
1039.9 37164.
4 1173.06 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33 21.396 118.2 60 290.26 8 2 58.05 640.14
59303.
5 1714.2 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33   136.1 118 290.26 933 0 34.38 1724.4
11247.
6 1974.66 22.85 2.04 5.38 9.33 19.61 144.7 127 290.26 972.22 5 17.9 626.79
7 2406.08 22.85 2.04 5.38 19.61 159 149.0 290.26 39.22 4999.7 13.5 370.22
8 3207.44   2.04 5.38 19.61 267 189.8 61.76 39.22 8272.8 32.86 251.7
9 3379.6   5.38   19.61 299 198.6 10.76 39.22 688.64 88.23 7.8
21408. 23548.
10 4449.48 5.38 1069.9 19.61 ∑A
300 = 4156.2 m2
253.2 7 39.22 5 70.20 335.43
11 4680.82 5.38 19.61 343 265 10.76 39.22 925.36 61.07 15.15
Exercise