Design of

Pre-stressed Concrete
17cv704

Unit II: Limit State of Collapse - Shear

Mr. Thushar S Shetty

Assistant Professor
Dept. of Civil Engineering,
NMAMIT, Nitte.
 Limit State of Collapse - Shear
• 
Shear Stress:

The shear distribution in an uncracked structural concrete member for which the
deformation is assumed to be linear is a function of the shear force and the properties of
the cross-section of the member.

The shear stress at a point is expressed

  𝟑as,𝑽
𝝉 𝒗= (𝟐 𝒃 𝒅 )
 Limit State of Collapse - Shear
• 
Principal Stress:

The maximum and minimum stress developed are given by;

=

where, and are the direct stresses and is the shear stress acting at that point.
 Types of Shear Cracks
In PSC beams two types of cracks can be noticed.

1. Flexural cracks

2. Shear cracks

a) Web shear cracks

b)Flexure shear cracks

Mr. Thushar Shetty, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte.
 Web shear cracks
 Generally starts from an interior point, when the local principal tensile stress exceeds the
tensile strength of concrete.
 These are most likely to develop in highly pre-stressed beams with thin web.
 Also, when the beam is subjected to large concentrated loads near a simple support.

Mr. Thushar Shetty, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte.
 Flexure shear cracks
 These cracks are first initiated from bottom of the beam and are distinctly different from
the flexural cracks as they are diagonal in direction.
 These cracks develop when the principal tensile stress due to both flexural and shear
exceeds the tensile strength of concrete.
 In members without shear reinforcement, the inclined shear cracks extend to the
compression face resulting in sudden explosion failures.

Mr. Thushar Shetty, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte.
 Methods of improving Shear Resistance
In general, there are three ways of improving the shear resistance of
structural concrete members by prestressing techniques:

 Horizontal or axial prestressing

 Prestressing by inclined or sloping cables

 Vertical or transverse prestressing

Mr. Thushar Shetty, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte.
 Ultimate Shear Resistance
• 
Sections uncracked in flexure; (Pg. No. 32, Cl. 23.4.1 IS:1343 – 2012)
The ultimate shear resistance of a section uncracked in flexure, Vc = Vco, is given by;
= 0.67 b D

Where, b = breadth of the member for which T, I and L beams should be replaced by the breadth of the rib b w.

D = overall depth of the member

= maximum principal tensile stress given by 0.24 taken as positive, where is the characteristic
compressive strength of concrete.

= compressive stress at the centroidal axis due to the prestress taken as positive.

Mr. Thushar Shetty, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte.
 Ultimate Shear Resistance
•Sections
  cracked in flexure; (Pg. No. 33, Cl. 23.4.2 IS:1343 – 2012)
The ultimate shear resistance of a section cracked in flexure, Vc = Vcr is given by;
=
Where, = effective prestress after all losses have occurred, which shall not be taken as greater than 0.6
= characteristic strength of prestressing steel
= ultimate shear stress capacity of concrete obtained from Table 8
b = breadth of the member, which, for flanged sections, shall be taken as the breadth of the web
d = distance from the extreme compression-fibre to the centroid of the tendons at the section considered
= moment necessary to produce zero stress in the concrete at the depth, given by: = 0.8
where is the stress due to prestress only at depth of d and distance y from the centroid of the concrete section which has
second moment of area I
V and M = shear force and bending moment respectively, at the section considered due to ultimate loads.

Mr. Thushar Shetty, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte.
 Ultimate Shear Resistance
Sections cracked in flexure; (Pg. No. 33, IS:1343 – 2012)

Mr. Thushar Shetty, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte.
Problems

Mr. Thushar Shetty, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte.
1. A 10m long pre-stressed concrete beam of rectangular cross-section 120mm wide and
300mm deep is axially pre-stressed by a cable carrying an effective force of 180kN. The
beam supports a total uniformly distributed load of 5kN/m which includes the self weight
of the member. Compare the magnitude of the principal tension developed in the beam
with and without the axial prestress.
120mm 5 kN/m
A B

300mm 10m

  𝟑 𝑽
The shear stress; 𝝉 𝒗 = (
𝟐 𝒃𝒅 )

Mr. Thushar Shetty, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte.
1. A 10m long pre-stressed concrete beam of rectangular cross-section 120mm wide and
300mm deep is axially pre-stressed by a cable carrying an effective force of 180kN. The
beam supports a total uniformly distributed load of 5kN/m which includes the self weight
of the member. Compare the magnitude of the principal tension developed in the beam
with and without the axial prestress.

Case (i); Principal tension developed with axial prestress;

 =

Mr. Thushar Shetty, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte.
1. A 10m long pre-stressed concrete beam of rectangular cross-section 120mm wide and
300mm deep is axially pre-stressed by a cable carrying an effective force of 180kN. The
beam supports a total uniformly distributed load of 5kN/m which includes the self weight
of the member. Compare the magnitude of the principal tension developed in the beam
with and without the axial prestress.

Case (ii); Principal tension developed without axial prestress;

 =

Hence, with axial prestress the principal

tension is reduced by;

Mr. Thushar Shetty, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte.
2. A concrete beam of rectangular section 200 mm x 600 mm is pre-stressed by a parabolic
cable located at an eccentricity of 100 mm at midspan and zero at supports. If the beam has
a span of 10 m and carries a UDL of 4 kN/m. Find the effective force necessary in the cable
for zero shear stress at support section. For this condition calculate the principal stresses.
Take density of concrete as 24 kN/m3.
200mm 4 kN/m

P P
600mm
e

10m

Mr. Thushar Shetty, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte.
Load Calculations;
Calculation of Prestressing Force;
  𝑽𝑺
𝝉 𝒗= ( )
𝑰𝒃
Calculation of Principal Stress
 =
3. An unsymmetrical I-section is used for a 30m span pre-stressed concrete bridge girder
having the top flange width and thickness of 1200mm and 250mm respectively. The web is
1500mm deep and 200mm thick. The bottom flange is 500mm wide and 400mm deep. The
girder is pre-stressed by cables having an initial tensile force of 6053kN at an eccentricity of
850mm at centre of span and 180mm at the supports. The girder has to support an ultimate
shear force of 1909kN at the supports. The loss ratio is 0.85. Estimate the ultimate shear
resistance of the support section.

Mr. Thushar Shetty, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte.
4. The cross-section of a pre-stressed concrete beam in an unsymmetrical T-section with an
overall depth of 1300mm. Thickness of web = 150mm. Distances of top and bottom fibres
from the centroid are 545mm and 775mm respectively. At a particular section, the beam is
subjected to an ultimate moment, M = 2130kN-m and a shear force, V = 237kN; effective
depth, d = 1100mm; fck = 45MPa; Effective pre-stress at the extreme tensile face of the
beam fcp = 19.3N/mm2. Second moment of area, I = 665 × 108mm4; Area of steel in the
section, Ap = 2310mm2; Effective stress in tendon after all losses, fpe = 890 N/mm2. Estimate
the flexure shear resistance of the section using IS code provisions.

Mr. Thushar Shetty, Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engineering, NMAMIT, Nitte.