(PROF. MADYA DR.

) LAW TEIK HUA

ASSIGNMENT: ECV 5602 STATISTICAL METHODS FOR TRANSPORTATION
THE STUDY OF VEHICLE TRAVEL ALONG MALAYSIA
MOTOR VEHICLE USERS

MUHAMAD ADZHA BIN IBRAHIM

GS 45787
OBJECTIVES

 TO DETERMINE ANNUAL VEHICLE KILOMETER TRAVEL (VKT)

AMONG MALAYSIA MOTOR VEHICLE USERS

 TO COMPARE ANNUAL VKT BETWEEN DIFFERENT GROUPS OF

MOTOR VEHICLE USERS (AGE, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, GENDER AND
ETC.)

 TO INVESTIGATE THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS (INCOME,

AGE, EDUCATION LEVEL) AND FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS
(HOUSEHOLD SIZE, NUMBER OF KIDS, AND ETC.) ON ANNUAL VKT.
RESEARCH DESIGN

METHODOLOGY
To Fill in SAMPLING
Questionnaire Friends, officemates,
Sent via Whatsapp neighbors
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 (via WhatsAPP)
QUESTIONAIRE
DATA COLLECTED
Annual
Registrati on Household Odometer Reading VKT
No. Gender Age VKT
Number income
Start Finish
1 TBK 1911 Female 36 Middle 92,776 93,393 617 16,042
2 VQ 1911 Male 38 Lower 34,569 35,349 780 20,280
3 TBG 4343 Male 30 Middle 84,532 87,234 2,702 70,252
4 WKE 9014 Male 33 Middle 23,234 24,343 1,109 28,834
5 WVS 609 Female 44 Middle 56,775 57,626 851 22,126
6 PGD 7744 Female 32 Middle 123,222 124,211 989 25,714
7 PFD 7744 Male 45 Middle 10,045 10,433 388 10,088
8 WVE 2007 Female 54 High 45,098 46,912 1,814 47,164
9 WK 3038 Male 32 Middle 38,192 39,512 1,320 34,320
10 JHR 3234 Male 31 Lower 122,202 123,545 1,343 34,918
11 KDH 1234 Male 55 High 89,765 92,321 2,556 66,456
12 PFS 2312 Female 46 Middle 88,543 89,253 710 18,460
13 AFV 1661 Female 47 Middle 30,000 30,456 456 11,856
14 PFE 136 Male 26 Lower 32,333 35,429 3,096 80,496
15 PHN 1979 Male 23 Lower 65,666 66,543 877 22,802
16 WD 5401 Male 28 Middle 76,665 77,641 976 25,376
17 VS 1322 Male 47 High 45,444 46,142 698 18,148
18 WA 4545 B Male 49 High 34,333 35,823 1,490 38,740
19 WXH 8676 Male 39 Middle 65,555 66,789 1,234 32,084
20 F7875 Female 29 Lower 24,555 24,987 432 11,232
21 WAU 5491 Male 25 Lower 76,543 77,232 689 17,914
22 WQB 8976 Male 56 Middle 43,223 44,334 1,111 28,886
23 WYH 9059 Male 45 Middle 89,976 90,786 810 21,060
24 WRG 979 Female 34 Middle 45,432 46,111 679 17,654
25 WUV 47 Male 45 High 53,421 55,432 2,011 52,286
26 NBA 3223 Male 56 High 76,543 78,777 2,234 58,084
27 PEW 7843 Female 28 Lower 34,321 36,542 2,221 57,746
28 PAT 5491 Female 33 Middle 54,345 56,421 2,076 53,976
29 ABU 4674 Female 29 Middle 134,321 135,232 911 23,686
30 PNB 5491 Male 43 Middle 66,543 68,543 2,000 52,000
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS

Mean 33956
Standard Error 3519.597691
Median 27274
Mode #N/A
Standard Deviation 19277.63049
Sample Variance 371627037.2

Kurtosis -0.289694798
Skewness 0.84903015
Range 70408
Minimum 10088
Maximum 80496
Sum 1018680
Count 30

Confidence Level(95.0%) 7198.385526

DISTRIBUTION OF VKT

Histogram
14 Not normaly distributed
12 +ve skew

10

8
Frequency

Frequency

0
9000 11000 24000 38000 52000 66000 70000 80000 90000 More

VKT
HYPHOTHESIS TEST 1
*Ho : Is there enough evidence to show that the average of annual VKT among
Malaysian drivers is 30,000 km.( source: Annual VKT from MIROS journal is 30,000 km)

*Ho : μ = 30,000

*Ha : The annual VKT of Malaysians Driver is less than 30,000

*Ha : μ < 30,000

HYPHOTHESIS TEST 1
1.Population variance unknown, small sample <30, population normally
distributed, Population variance equal.

2.Assume level of significance = 0.05

3.Ho : μ = 30,000, Ha : μ <30,000

4.Degree of freedom, df = 30-1 = 29

5.Critical Region:

From table t 0.05,29 = -1.699

HYPHOTHESIS TEST 1
6. Test Statistic,

t = Ẋ-μo
ᶞ √n

= 33956– 30,000
19277.6 √ 30

= 0.0374– not in the value of rejection region.

Fail to reject Ho, There is no enough evidence to say that the average
annual VKT of Malaysian drivers is less than 30,000 km per year.
HYPHOTHESIS TEST 2
*Ho : There is no significant difference in the average of annual VKT between
Lower and medium income combine with High Income drivers

*Ho : μ1 & μ2 = 0

*Ha : There is a significant difference in the average of annual VKT between

Lower and medium income with High Income drivers

*Ha : μ1 - μ2 ≠ 0
HYPHOTHESIS TEST 2
1.Population variance unknown, small sample <30, population normally
distributed, Population variance equal.

2.Assume level of significance = 0.05

3.Ho : μ1 - μ2 = 0, Ha : μ1 - μ2 ≠ 0

4.Degree of freedom, df = (24+6)-2 = 28

5.Critical Region ( 2 tails) :

t<-t 0.025,28 = -2.048 ,

t<t 0.025,28 = 2.048 ,

HYPHOTHESIS TEST 2
6. Descriptive Statistics for Lower dan Medium Income
Mean 30741.75

Standard Error 3832.451144

Histogram
Median 24531 12
Mode #N/A
10
Standard Deviation 18775.09953
8
Sample Variance 352504362.5

Frequency
6 Frequency
Kurtosis 1.203133332
4
Skewness 1.366055313
Range 70408
2
Minimum 10088
Maximum 80496
0
Sum 737802
9000 11000 24000 38000 52000 66000 70000 80000 More
Count 24
VKT
Confidence Level(95.0%) 7928.029226
HYPHOTHESIS TEST 2
7. Descriptive Statistics for Higher Income
Mean 46813
Histogram
Standard Error 6903.6594
2.5
Median 49725
Mode #N/A
2
Standard Deviation 16910.443
1.5
Sample Variance 285963075

Frequency
Frequency
Kurtosis 0.9860353 1
Skewness -0.924653
Range 48308
0.5
Minimum 18148
Maximum 66456
Sum 280878 0
9000 11000 24000 38000 52000 66000 70000 More
Count 6
VKT
Confidence Level(95.0%) 17746.421
HYPHOTHESIS TEST 2
7. Population Standard Deviation
SP 2 = (n1-1)S12 + (n2-1)S22
_________________________
(n1+ n2)-2

= (24)(352504362.5) + (6) (285963075)

28
=363424398.2

Population Standard Deviation, SP = √ 363424398.2

= 19,063.69319
HYPHOTHESIS TEST 2
Test Statistic
t = (Ẋ1 -Ẋ2) – (μ1 - μ2)
Sp √(1/24+1/6)

= (30741.8 - 46813)
19,063.7 √(0.145)

= -16,071.2/8701.3

= -1.847
Conclusion : Critical region : t < t 0.025,28 = -2.048 ,
Reject the hypothesis.
There is significant difference in the average of annual VKT between male
and female Malaysian drivers
MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS

 To Investigate the impact of gender and age on the

annual VKT of Malaysian Drivers

 The Analysis was run by Data Analysis in Excel by
Multiple Regression Analysis

 Dependent Variable (Y) - Annual VKT

 Independent Variable (X1) – Gender

 Independent Variable (X2) - Age

MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Hypothesis :
Is There any linear relationship between Gender and Age to the annual VKT of
Malaysian driver

Ho : β1 – β2 = 0 (There is no linear relationship)

Ha : β1 – β2 ≠ 0 ( There is a relationship)
MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Registrati Annual
No.
No.
Registrati
on
on
Gender
Gender
Age
Age
Annual
VKT
VKT
 Dependent Variable - Annual VKT
 Independent Variable – Gender and Age
Number
Number
1 TBK 1911 Female 0 36 16,042
2 1VQ
TBK 1911 Male
1911 Female 10 36
38 16,042
20,280
2 VQ 1911
3 TBG 4343 Male Male 11 38
30 20,280
70,252
3 TBG 4343
4 WKE 9014 Male Male 11 30
33 70,252
28,834
4 WKE 9014
5 WVS 609 FemaleMale 01 33
44 28,834
22,126
5 WVS 609 Female
6 PGD 7744 Female 00 44
32 22,126
25,714
6 PGD 7744
7 PFD 7744 Male Female 10 32
45 25,714
10,088
7 PFD 7744 Male
8 WVE 2007 Female 01 45
54 10,088
47,164
8 WVE 2007
9 WK 3038 Male Female 10 54
32 47,164
34,320
9 WK 3038
10 JHR 3234 Male Male 11 32
31 34,320
34,918
10 JHR 3234
11 KDH 1234 Male Male 11 31
55 34,918
66,456
11 KDH 1234 Male
12 PFS 2312 Female 01 55
46 66,456
18,460
12 PFS 2312 Female
13 AFV 1661 Female 00 46
47 18,460
11,856
13 AFV
14 PFE 1361661 Female
Male 10 47
26 11,856
80,496
14 PFE 136
15 PHN 1979 Male Male 11 26
23 80,496
22,802
15 PHN 1979
16 WD 5401 Male Male 11 23
28 22,802
25,376
16 WD 5401
17 VS 1322 Male
Male 11 28
47 25,376
18,148
17 VS 1322
18 WA 4545 BMale Male 11 47
49 18,148
38,740
18 WA 4545 BMale
19 WXH 8676 Male 11 49
39 38,740
32,084
19F7875
20 WXH 8676 Male
Female 01 39
29 32,084
11,232
20 F7875
21 WAU 5491 Male Female 10 29
25 11,232
17,914
21 WAU 5491
22 WQB 8976 Male Male 11 25
56 17,914
28,886
22 WQB 8976
23 WYH 9059 Male Male 11 56
45 28,886
21,060
23 WYH 9059
24 WRG 979 FemaleMale 01 45
34 21,060
17,654
24 WRG
25 WUV 47 979 Female
Male 10 34
45 17,654
52,286
25 WUV 47
26 NBA 3223 Male Male 11 45
56 52,286
58,084
26 NBA 3223 Male
27 PEW 7843 Female 01 56
28 58,084
57,746
27 PEW 7843 Female
28 PAT 5491 Female 00 28
33 57,746
53,976
28 PAT 5491 Female
29 ABU 4674 Female 00 33
29 53,976
23,686
29 ABU 4674
30 PNB 5491 Male Female 10 29
43 23,686
52,000
30 PNB 5491 Male 1 43 52,000
MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS
SUMMARY OUTPUT

Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.250224178
R Square 0.062612139
Adjusted R Square -0.006823999
Standard Error 19343.29392
Observations 30

ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 2 674782550.2 337391275.1 0.901722665 0.417744642
Residual 27 10102401530 374163019.6
Total 29 10777184080

Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%
Intercept 25191.72607 14726.77114 1.710607562 0.098621849 -5025.11236 55408.5645 -5025.11236 55408.5645
X Variable 1 9615.353149 7357.581204 1.30686334 0.202281017 -5481.156493 24711.86279 -5481.156493 24711.86279
X Variable 2 69.28886711 361.0425198 0.191913316 0.849246167 -671.5091927 810.0869269 -671.5091927 810.0869269
MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Conclusion :
Adjusted R Square = -0.0068
Regression Equation , Y = 9615 (X1) + 69 (X2) (Constant =25192)
Annual VKT = 9615 (Gender) + 69 (Age)

R Square with lower percentage epresents a model that does not explain
any of the variation in the response variable around its mean.
The mean of the dependent variable predicts the dependent variable as
well as the regression model.

R Square = 0.063 can be interpreted only that 6.3 % of Annual

VKT can be explained by variability of gender and age
When X1 increase 1 unit, Y will increase 9,615 unit
When X2 increase 1 unit, Y will increase 69 unit.