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Chapter 3 - Global Internet
Chapter 3 - Global Internet
STID 1103
Chapter 3
Global Internet
The Internet
Internet Addressing and Architecture
Internet Services and Communication Tools
The World Wide Web
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Learning Objectives
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Overview: Corporate Network
Infrastructure
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What is the Internet?
• The Internet
– World’s most extensive network
– Internet service providers (I SP s)
Provide connections
Types of Internet connections
– Dial-up: 56.6 Kb p s
– Digital subscriber line (DS L/F I O S): 385 Kbp s –
40 Mbp s
– Cable Internet connections: 1–50 M bp s
– Satellite
– T1/T3 lines: 1.54–45 Mbp s
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Internet Addressing and Architecture
• Each device on Internet assigned Internet Protocol (I P)
address
• 32-bit number, e.g. 207.46.250.119
• The Domain Name System (DN S)
– Converts I P addresses to domain names
– Hierarchical structure
– Top-level domains
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The Domain Name System
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Top level domains
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Internet Architecture and Governance
• Network service providers
– Own trunk lines (high-speed backbone networks)
• Regional telephone and cable T V companies
– Provide regional and local access
• Professional organizations and government bodies
establish Internet standards
– IA B
– I CAN N
– W3 C
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Internet Network Architecture
The Internet backbone connects to regional networks,
which in turn provide access to Internet service
providers, large firms, and government institutions.
Network access points (NAPs) and metropolitan area
exchanges (MAEs) are hubs where the backbone
intersects regional and local networks and where
backbone owners connect with one another.
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Worldwide Internet policies
They are established by a number of different organizations and government bodies:
• The Internet Architecture Board (IAB), which helps define the overall structure of the
Internet
• The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), which assigns IP
addresses
• The Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC), which was created by the U.S.
Department of Commerce, and assigns domain names
• The Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG), which oversees standards setting with
respect to the Internet
• The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which forecasts the next step in the growth
of the Internet, keeping watch over its evolution and operation
• The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), which sets Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML) and other programming standards for the Web
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The Future Internet: I P v 6 and
Internet 2
• I Pv 6
– New addressing scheme for I P numbers
– Will provide more than a quadrillion new addresses
– Not compatible with current I Pv 5 addressing
• Internet2
– Advanced networking consortium
Universities, businesses, government agencies,
other institutions
– Developed high-capacity 100 G bp s testing network
– Testing leading-edge new technologies for Internet
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Internet Services and Communication
Tools (1 of 2)
• Internet services
– E-mail
– Chatting and instant messaging
– Newsgroups
– Telnet
– File Transfer Protocol (FT P)
– World Wide Web
• Voice over I P (VoI P)
– Digital voice communication using I P, packet switching
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Major Internet Services
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Newsgroup
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Internet Services and Communication
Tools
• Internet services
– E-mail
– Chatting and instant
messaging
– Newsgroups
– Telnet
• Unified communications
– File Transfer Protocol (FT P)
– Communications systems
– World Wide Web that integrate voice, data,
• Voice over IP (VoI P) e-mail, conferencing
– Digital voice communication • Virtual private network (VP N)
using I P, packet switching – Secure, encrypted, private
network run over Internet
– PPT P
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– Tunneling
How Voice over IP Works
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8hkfE
oCcsY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qTTRk
LJtLA
https://voiptoners.com/best-6-voip-services
-malaysia/
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VPN
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The Web
• Hypertext
– Hypertext Markup Language (HTM L)
– Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTT P):
– Uniform resource locator (UR L):
http://
www.megacorp.com/content/features/082602.html
• Web servers
Software for locating and managing web pages
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Top search engine
In 1998, Larry Page and Sergey
Brin, two other Stanford computer
science
students, released their first version
of Google
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How Google Works
The Google search engine is continuously crawling the Web, indexing the content
of each page, calculating its popularity, and storing the pages so that it can respond
quickly to user requests to see a page. The entire process takes about one-half
second.
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Google Search Engine
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https://www.websitehostingrating.com/inter
net-statistics-facts/
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Searching for Information on the Web
• Mobile search
– Accessing the Internet via mobile, 2018 - 55.9% desktop users, 40.1%
mobile users. 2012 – 20% Mobile user
• Social search
– is an effort to provide fewer, more relevant, and trustworthy search results
based on a person’s network of social contacts.
– In contrast to the top search engines that use a mathematical algorithm to
find pages that satisfy your query, a social search Web site would review
your friends’ recommendations (and their friends’), their past Web visits,
and their use of “Like” buttons.
– Face recognition
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Searching for Information on the Web
• Visual search
– the explosion of photos and videos on the Internet created a demand for
searching and classifying these visual objects.
– Facial recognition software can create a digital version of a human face.
In 2012 Facebook introduced its facial recognition software and combined
it with tagging, to create a new feature called Tag Suggest
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The Future Web (Web 3.0)
• Web 1.0 solved the problem of obtaining access to information. Web 2.0
solved the problem of sharing that information with others and building new
Web experiences. Web 3.0 is the promise of a future Web where all this digital
information, all these contacts, can be woven together into a single meaningful
experience
• More tools to make sense of trillions of pages on the Internet
• Pervasive web
• Internet of People
• App Internet
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Cellular Systems
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Wireless Computer Networks and
Internet Access
• Bluetooth (802.15) – Hotspots: one or more access
– Links up to 8 devices in 10-m points in public place to provide
maximum wireless coverage for
eter
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Radio Frequency Identification (R F I
D)
• Use tiny tags with microchips containing data about an
item and location. Tag antennas to transmit radio signals
over short distances to special RFI D readers. Common
uses:
– Automated toll-collection
– Tracking goods in a supply chain
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