MODULE 1

FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND LOGIC FAMILIES

1.1_DIGITAL SIGNALS
 DIGITAL SIGNALS
• Most naturally occurring physical quantities in our
world are analog in nature.
• Quantities are measured, monitored, recorded,
manipulated arithmetically, observed in most
physical systems.
• Important when dealing with quantities
– To represent their values efficiently and
accurately
– 2 ways to represent them
• Analog representation
• Digital Representation

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 ANALOG REPRESENTATION
▪ Represent a quantity by a continuously variable, proportional
indicator
▪ Characteristics of analog quantities - They can vary over a
continuous range of values
▪ Example
Speedometer use a mechanical means
Thermometer
In electrical mean, the measured/processed physical quantity is
converter to a proportional electrical signal (V or I) – used by the
system for display, processing or control purposes.
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 DIGITAL REPRESENTATION

▪ Represent a quantity by a symbol, called digits.

▪ Characteristics of digital quantities
They are varied in discrete steps
▪ Example
Digital Clock
Digital weighting scale

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 DIGITAL AND ANALOG SYSTEM
Digital System
Combination of devices designed to manipulate logical
information or physical quantities that are represented in
digital form.
Example : digital calculator
Analog System
Device that manipulate physical quantities that are
represented in analog form
Example : Magnetic tape recording and playback equipment
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