UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL

DEL CALLAO

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS CONTABLES

ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE CONTABILIDAD

TEACHER : HILMER YACUPOMA AGUIRRE

ASIGNATURA : INGLES TÉCNICO

 NATURAL DISASTERS

Natural disasters are large-scale geological or

meteorological events that have the potential to cause
loss of life or property. These types of disasters
include:
Tornadoes and Severe Storms
Hurricanes and Tropical Storms
Floods
Wildfires
Earthquakes
Drought
Severe storms and floods are the most common
types of natural disasters reported in the United
States.
These meteorological events are occasionally
preceded by presidential “emergency declarations”
requiring state and local planning prior to the event,
such as evacuations and protection of public assets.
Disaster Distress Helpline staff are available to speak
to those who call or text before, during, and after a
natural disaster.
 HUMAN-CAUSED DISASTERS
Examples include industrial accidents, shootings, acts of
terrorism, and incidents of mass violence. As with natural
disasters, these types of traumatic events may also cause
loss of life and property.
They may also prompt evacuations from certain areas
and overwhelm behavioral health resources in the
affected communities.
In the aftermath of the tragic loss of life that occurred on
September 11, 2001, the feelings of loss of security and
well-being—arguably the most crucial ingredients for
leading a happy, healthy life—dramatically affected the
citizens of the United States.
TORNADOES AND SEVERE STORMS
 TORNADOES AND SEVERE STORMS

Tornadoes are outgrowths of powerful thunderstorms that

appear as rotating, funnel-shaped clouds. They extend
from a thunderstorm to the ground with violent winds that
average 30 miles per hour.
Also, they can vary in speed dramatically from being
stationary to 70 miles per hour.
With a loud roar that sounds similar to a freight train,
tornadoes in the United States typically are 500 feet across
and travel on the ground for five miles. Every state is at
some risk from tornadoes and the severe storms that
produce them. These same destructive storms also cause
strong gusts of wind, lightning strikes, and flash floods.
Tornadoes can strike quickly with little or no warning,
giving those in impacted areas barely enough time to
take shelter. Because of the unpredictable nature of
tornadoes and severe storms, it’s normal for people to
experience emotional distress. Feelings such as
overwhelming anxiety, trouble sleeping, and other
depression-like symptoms are common responses to
these types of disasters. Other signs of emotional distress
related to tornadoes and severe storms include:
• Worrying a lot or feeling guilty but not sure why
• Feeling helpless or hopeless.
• Thinking that something is going to happen when
forecasts for any storm are issued.
• Constant yelling or fighting with family and friends.
• Having nightmares or thoughts and memories related
to the storm.
HURRICANES AND TROPICAL STORMS
 HURRICANES AND TROPICAL STORMS

Hurricanes are types of tropical storms that form in the

southern Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and
eastern Pacific Ocean. Hurricanes affect millions of people
who live along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts each
year. Parts of the Southwest United States and the Pacific
Coast can also experience severe weather associated with
hurricanes, which
include tornadoes, floods, and heavy winds.

Hurricane Michael in 2018 created life-threatening

conditions for residents, including prolonged power
outages, storm surges, and municipal service disruptions.
It’s normal for hurricanes to cause people to experience
emotional distress.
Feelings such as overwhelming anxiety, constant
worrying, trouble sleeping, and other depression-like
symptoms are common responses before, during, and
after these types of storms. Other signs of emotional
distress related to hurricanes include:

• Fearing that forecasted storms may develop into a

hurricane even when the chances they will are low
• Constant yelling or fighting with family and friends
• Having thoughts, memories, or nightmares related to
the storm that you can’t seem to get out of your head
FLOOD
 FLOOD

Floods are one of the most common hazards in the

United States.
They occur when land that is normally dry experiences
an overflow of water.
Several events cause floods, including 
hurricanes and tropical storms, failed dams or levees,
and flash floods that occur within a few minutes or hours
of excessive rainfall.
Although coastal areas are more vulnerable to floods,
particularly during hurricane season, they can occur
anywhere and can vary in size and duration.
Even very small streams, gullies, and creeks that may
appear harmless in dry weather can flood.

The physical destruction of a flood can vary, with some

carrying away everything in its path, including houses,
bridges, cars, and even people who may be trapped or
wading in water.
Further, the economic loss from hazardous flood
conditions can be significant, costing in the billions, as
with Hurricane Michael in 2018 and Hurricane Katrina in
200
It’s normal for people to experience emotional distress
during a flood.
Simply anticipating the possibility of what could be lost or
destroyed during
5. a flood can cause people to experience
overwhelming anxiety or lose sleep.
Other signs of emotional distress related to floods
include:
1. Feeling helpless or hopeless
2. Fearing that forecasted storms may develop into a
hurricane, even when the chances they will are low
3. Constant yelling or fighting with family and friends
4. Excessive absences from work or school
5. Having thoughts and memories related to the flood
that you can’t get out of your head
 Flash Flood
During a flood:
Listen to a battery-powered radio for emergency
information.
Evacuate as instructed by emergency personnel.
If outdoors:
Climb to higher ground and stay there.
Avoid waking through floodwaters.  If moving swiftly,
even water six inches deep can be dangerous.
If in a vehicle:
If coming to a flooded area, turn around and go
another direction.
If the car stalls, abandon it immediately and climb to
higher ground.
WILDFIRES
 WILDFIRES
Wildfires are usually triggered by lightning or accidents
and often go unnoticed at first.
They can spread quickly and are especially destructive if
they occur near forests, rural areas, remote mountain
sites, and other woodland settings where people live.
While not reported as often as floods or 
tornadoes and severe storms, they, too, can cause
emotional distress in people living in affected areas.

In 2013, more than 47,500 wildfires were reported in the

United States. They destroyed thousands of structures,
including about 1,100 homes, and burned more than 4
million acres of land.
Feelings such as overwhelming anxiety, constant worrying,
trouble sleeping, and other depression-like symptoms are
common responses before, during, and after wildfires.
Other signs of emotional distress related to wildfires
include:

1.-Having thoughts, memories, or nightmares related to the

wildfire that you can’t seem to get out of your head
2.-Worrying a lot of the time; feeling guilty but not sure why
3.-Excessive absences from work or school
EARTHQUAKES
 EARTHQUAKES

An earthquake is the shifting of the Earth’s plates, which

results in a sudden shaking of the ground that can last
for a few seconds to a few minutes.
Within seconds, mild initial shaking can strengthen and
become violent.
Earthquakes happen without warning and can happen at
any time of year.
Certain states are more prone to higher frequency of
earthquakes, particularly California, Hawaii, Nevada, and
Washington.
Even minor earthquakes that cause little damage and
destruction can cause people to experience emotional
distress (especially in areas not accustomed to these
events).

Aftershocks can continue to occur for months afterwards

and can be just as stressful.
It’s normal for people to experience emotional distress
during an earthquake.

Simply anticipating the possibility of what could be lost or

destroyed during the event can cause people to experience
overwhelming anxiety or lose sleep. Other signs of
emotional distress related to earthquakes include:
• Being easily startled
• Having difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much
• Having thoughts and memories related to the
earthquake that you can’t get out of your head.
DROUGHT
 DROUGHT

A drought is a normal, reoccurring weather event that can

vary in intensity and duration by region of the country
and even by location within a state.
Drought occurs when there is lower than average
precipitation over a significant period of time, usually a
season or more.
Other causes of drought can be a delay in the rainy
season or the timing of rain in relation to crop growth.
Drought is a slow-moving hazardous event, so the
psychological effects of living through this type of disaster
are more subtle and last longer than with other natural
disasters.
Low water availability creates shortages in water supplies
that impact various activities and the environment.
The impact is even greater as humans place demands on
water supplies.
Additionally, drought conditions increase the risk of other
natural disasters, such as wildfires, and landslides.
Drought is the unusual dryness of soil caused by levels
of rainfall significantly below average over a prolonged
period.
Hot dry winds, shortage of water, high temperatures
and consequent evaporation of moisture from the
ground can also contribute to conditions of drought.
Droughts result in crop failure and shortages of water.
Warning signs for emotional distress related to drought may
include:

• Feelings of overwhelming anxiety

• Constant worrying
• Trouble sleeping and other depression-like symptoms
• Disputes between people over limited water supplies
• Health concerns related to dust, low water flow, or poor
water and air quality
• Financial concerns related to crop failures, low supply and
demand of agricultural-related products, or rising food
prices
LANDSLIDES
 LANDSLIDES

A landslide is described as an outward and downward

slope movement of an abundance of slope-forming
materials including rock, soil, artificial, or even a
combination of these things.
During World War I, an estimated 40,000 to 80,000 soldiers
died as a result of avalanches during the mountain
campaign in the Alps at the Austrian-Italian front. Many of
the avalanches were caused by artillery fire.
AVALANCHE
 AVALANCHE

An avalanche is a phenomenon of nature. It is linked to 

snow. When there is too much snow on a mountain, some
of the snow may fall, causing damage to things in its path.
This is called an avalanche. People talk about avalanches
because they may be dangerous to skiers and other people
doing winter sports.
Large avalanches may carry stones, boulders and trees
 with them. They may bury people under them. If the
people are not found rapidly enough by rescue teams they
will die of suffocation (not getting enough air) or of 
hypothermia (freezing cold).
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
 VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

Volcanoes  can cause widespread destruction and

consequent disaster in several ways.
The effects include the volcanic eruption itself that
may cause harm following the explosion of the
volcano or falling rocks. Secondly, lava may be
produced during the eruption of a volcano, and so as
it leaves the volcano the lava destroys many
buildings, plants and animals due to its extreme
heat. 
Thirdly, volcanic ash, generally meaning the cooled ash, may
form a cloud, and settle thickly in nearby locations. When
mixed with water this forms a concrete-like material. In
sufficient quantities, ash may cause roofs to collapse under
its weight but even small quantities will harm humans if
inhaled.