SUBJECT: Earth and Life Science DEADLINE:

DATE & TIME: TEACHER: Ms. Princes Jhoy G. Batanes

I. TOPIC: Earth Materials and Processes



II. LEARNING COMPETENCY

The learner shall be able to:
1. Explain the meaning of disaster. (DRR11/12-Ia-b-1)
2. Differentiate the risk factors underlying disasters. (DRR11/12-Ia-b-2)

III. TARGET OUTCOMES:

At the end of the lesson, the student is expected to:
1. Describe a disaster.
2. Examine events that have led to a disaster.
3. Differentiate the risk factors underlying disaster.

IV. MATERIALS NEEDED:

To accomplish exercises and activities, you need the following: black pen, pencil and/or other writing materials
and other available references.

V. GEAR UP YOUR MIND

1.1 Concept of Disaster

Hazard
 A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that may cause loss of life, injury or
other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage

Disaster
 A sudden, calamitous event, bringing great damage loss, destruction and
devastation to life and property.
 a serious disruption of functioning of society, causing widespread human,
material or environmental losses, which exceed the ability of the affected
people to cope using their own resources.

How and When an Event Becomes a Disaster?

 An event, either man-made or natural, sudden or progressive, causing widespread human, material or
environmental loses.
 Examples of disaster

1. Typhoon Yolanda
 Strength 290 km/hr
➢ The storm surge it brought was sudden and unexpected.
➢ Its devastating effect to human, material, and environment.
➢ More than 7,000 people perished
➢ The entire city of Tacloban was flattened

2. Wowowee Stampede
 The became so popular that thousands of fans flock to ULTRA to watch
the noon time show. That turned out to disastrous tragedy when there
was a human-induced disturbance among the watching crowd that cause
a stampede. Many spectators were hurt and some even died which led
to the dissolution of the said TV program.

3. Typhoon Ondoy
 Typhoon Ondoy turned into a disaster because of the amount of
precipitation brought by its torrential rains that lasted for several days
causing flood and flash floods in Metro Manila.
 Thousand of houses were submerge in flood water. Hundreds of
shelters along river banks and steros were washed out. Power and
water supplies were cut off for several weeks. Hundreds of lives perished.

Disaster Risk
 The probability that a community’s structure or geographic area is to be damaged or disrupted by the
impact of a particular hazard, on account of its nature, construction and proximity to a hazardous area.
 It signifies the possibility of adverse effects in the future. It is derived from the interaction of social and
environmental process, from the combination of physical hazards and the vulnerability of exposed
elements.

1.1.1 Nature of Disasters

Natural Disaster
 these originate from the different ‘forces’ of nature. Natural disasters such
as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, typhoons, and cyclones affect many
countries in Asia particularly the Philippines.

Human-made
 these disasters occur due to people’s actions against human, material,
and environment. These include transport and industrial accidents, such
as air and train crashes, chemical spills, and building collapses. Terrorism
is also categorized as human-made disaster.
1.1.2 Types of Disasters
Natural Disaster Human-Made and Technological Types of Disasters
•Agricultural disease and pests • Hazardous material
• Storm Surge • Power service and siruption and blackout
• Drought and water shortage • Nuclear power plant and nuclear blast
• Earthquakes 8 • Radiological emergencies
• Hurricanes and Tropical storm • Chemical threat and biological weapons
• Landslide and debris flow • Cyber Attacks
• Thunder storm and lightning • Explosion
• Tornadoes • Civil Unrest
• Tsunamis
• Wildfires
• Sinkholes
• Emergency disease
• Extreme heat
• Floods and flash floods
• La Niῆa

1.2 Risk Factors Underlying Disasters

Severity of Exposure
 The amount of exposure to the disaster is highly related to risk of future mental problems. At higher risk are
those that go through the disaster themselves. Next are those in close contact with victims. At lower risk of
lasting impact are those who only had indirect exposure, such as news of the severe damage.

Gender and Family

 Disaster recovery is more stressful when children are present in the home. Women with spouses also
experience more distress during the recovery. Having a family member in the home who is extremely
distressed is related to more stress for everyone. Marital stress has been found to increase after disasters.
Also, conflicts between family members or lack of support in the home make it harder to recover from
disasters

Age
 Adults who are in the age range of 40-60 are likely to be more distressed after disasters. The thinking is
that if one is in that age range, he/she has more demands from job and family. In general, children show
more severe distress after disasters than do adults. Higher stress in the parents is related to worse
recovery in children.

Other factors specific to the survivor’s background and resources are important from recovery from disasters. Recovery is
worse if survivors:
 We’re not functioning well before the disaster
 Have had no experience dealing with
 Must deal with other stressors after the disaster
 Have poor self-esteem
 Think they are uncared for by others
 Think they have little control over what happens to them
 Lack the capacity to manage stress
 Other factors have also been found to predict worse outcomes:
 Bereavement (death of someone else)
 Injury to self or another family member
 Life threat
 Panic, horror, or feelings like that during the disaster
 Being separated from family (especially among youth)
 Great loss of property
 Displacement (being forced to leave home)

Developing Countries
 There is a strong body evidence that these risk factors can be made worse if the disaster occurs in a
developing country. Disasters in developing countries, like the Philippines, have more severe mental health
impact than do disasters in developed countries. This is true even with less serious disasters

Low or Negative Social Support

 The support of others can be both a risk and a resilience factor. Social support can weaken after disasters.
This may be due to stress and the need for members of the support network to get on with their own lives.

1.3 Effects of Natural Disasters on Human Life

Displaced Populations
 One of the most immediate effects of natural disasters is population
displacement. When countries are ravaged by earthquakes or other
powerful forces of nature like floods and super typhoons, many people
have to abandon their homes and seek shelter in other regions. A large
influx of refugees can disrupt accessibility of health care and education,
as well as food supplies and clean water.

 When Mt. Pinatubo erupted in 1991, thousands of families in

Zambales and Pampanga were displaced. Their communities were
ravaged by lahar flow that turned these communities.

Health Risks
 Aside from the obvious immediate danger that natural disasters
present, the secondary effects can be just as damaging. Severe
flooding can result in stagnant water that allows breeding of
waterborne bacteria and malaria-carrying mosquitoes.
Dengue fever is another serious health problem cause by
mosquitoes (aegis egypti). Without emergency relief from
international danger has passed.

Food Scarcity
 After natural disasters, food often becomes scarce. Thousands
of people around the world go hungry as a result of destroyed crops
and loss of agricultural supplies, whether it happens suddenly in a
storm or gradually in a drought. As a result, food prices rise, reducing
families’ purchasing power and increasing the risk of severe malnutrition.
The impacts of hunger following an earthquake, typhoon or hurricane can
be tremendous, cause lifelong damage to children’s development.
Emotional Aftershocks
 Natural disasters can be particularly traumatic for young children.
Confronted with scenes of destruction and the deaths of friends and
loved ones, many children develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
a serious psychological condition resulting from extreme trauma. Left
untreated, children suffering form PTSD can be prone to lasting psychological
damage and emotional distress.

REFERENCES Quebral, Villamor S, 2016, Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction, Lorimar
Publishing Inc., Quezon City, Metro Manila, pp. 1-19