DISASTER READINESS AND

RISK REDUCTION
Senior High School S/Y 2017 - 2018
Course Outline
 Disaster and Disaster Risk
 Exposure and Vulnerability
 Basic Concept of Hazard
 Earthquake Hazard
 Volcanic Hazards
 Other Related Geological Hazard
 Hydrometeorological Hazard
 Fire Hazard
 Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
 What to expect from the State and the
Citizen
 Chapter 1

DISASTER AND DISASTER RISK

Disaster
 A sudden, calamitous event, bringing
great damage loss, destruction and
devastation to life and property.
 A serious disruption of the functioning
of society, causing widespread
human, material, or
losses, which exceed the ability
environment
of the
affected people to cope, using their
human resources.
How and When an Event Becomes a
Disaster?
 An event, either human –made or
natural, becomes a disaster when it is
sudden or progressive, causing
widespread human, material or
environmental losses.
Typhoon Yolanda
 Strength
290km/hour
 The storm surge
it brought was
sudden and
unexpected
 Its devastating
effect to human,
material, and
environment.
 More than 7000
people perished
 The entire city of
Tacloban was
flattened
Wow wowie Stampede
 The show became so
popular that thousand
of fans flock to ULTRA
to watch the noon time
show. That turned out
to disastrous tragedy
when there was a
human – induced
disturbance among
the watching crowd
that cause a
stampede. Many
spectators were hurt
and some even died
which led to the
dissolution of said TV
program.
Typhoon Ondoy
 Typhoon turned
Ondoy
into a disaster because
of the amount of
precipitation brought by
its torrential rains that
lasted for several days
causing floods and flash
floods in Metro Manila.
 Thousands of
houses were
water.
submerge Hundreds
in flood
shelters of along
banks and river were
steros out. Power
washed
and water supplies
werefor cut
off several weeks.
Hundreds of lives
perished
Disaster Risk
 The that a
probability
structure or geographic area community’s
is to be
damaged or disrupted by the impact of a
particular hazard, on account of its nature,
construction and proximity to a hazardous
area.
 It signifies the possibility of adverse effects
in the future. It is derived from the
interaction of social and environmental
process, from the combination of physical
hazards and the vulnerability of exposed
Nature of Disasters
 Natural Disasters –
These originate from the
different ‘forces’
nature of
disasters . Natural
earthquakes, such as
volcanic
eruptions, typhoons,
and cyclones affect
many countries in Asia
particularly
the Philippines
 Human – made – These disaster occur due to
people’s actions against human, material
environment. These include
and and
transport industrial accidents, such as
crashes, chemical
air spills,
andand building collapses.
train
Terrorism is also categorized as human – made
disaster.
Types of Disaster
Natural Disaster
 Agricultural disease and pests
 Storm surge
 Drought and water shortage
 Earthquakes
 Hurricanes and tropical storm
 Landslide and debris flow
 Thunder storm and lightning
 Tornadoes
 Tsunamis
 Wildfires
 Sinkholes
 Emergency disease
 Extreme heat
 Floods and flash floods
 La Niña
Exposed to Natural Hazard

Areas/ Location Exposed to:

Coastal areas Storm surge, tsunami, tidal waves
Reclaimed Areas Flooding , sinkhole
Near Fault lines Earthquake
On foot of denuded mountains Mudslide/landslide
Near volcanoes Volcanic eruptions
River banks and esteros Flooding, flash floods
Open field Thunderstorm, hailstorm, blizzard
Exposed to Man – made Hazard

Areas/ Location Exposed to:

Near Oil Depots Oil spill, pollution
Near Mining Projects Toxic waste
Near Chemical Plants Chemical fumes, chemical waste
Near Nuclear Plants Nuclear waste
Near factories Factory waste, Pollution
Unsafe building structures Fire
Public Places in Mega Cities Terrorism
Human – Made and technological Types of
Disasters
 Hazardous material
 Power service and disruption and blackout
 Nuclear power plant and nuclear blast
 Radiological emergencies
 Chemical threat and biological weapons
 Cyber attacks
 Explosion
 Civil unrest
RISK FACTORS UNDERLYING
DISASTERS
 Risk Factors Underlying Disasters
 Severity of Exposure –
The amount of exposure to the disaster
is highly related to risk of future mental
problems. At highest risk are those that
go through the disaster themselves.
Next are those in close contact with
victims. At lower risk of lasting impact
are those who only had indirect
exposure, such as news of the severe
damage.
 Gender and Family
Disaster recovery is more stressful when
children are present in the home. Women
with spouses also experience more distress
during recovery. Having a family member in
the home who is extremely distressed is
related to more stress for everyone. Marital
stress has been found to increase after
disasters. Also, conflicts between family
members or lack of support in the home
make it harder to recover from disasters.
 Age
Adults who are in the range of 40 – 60 are
likely to be more distressed after disasters.
The thinking is that if one is in that age
range, he / she has more demands from job
and family. Research on how children react
to natural disasters is still limited at this point
in tie. In general, children show more severe
distress after disasters than adults do.
Higher stress in the parents is related to
worse recovery in children.
 Other factors specific to the survivor
Several factors related to a survivor’s background and
resources are important for recovery from disasters.
Recovery is worse if survivors:
 Were not functioning well before the disaster
 Have had no experience dealing with disasters
 Must deal with other stressor after the disaster
 Have poor self – esteem
 Think they are uncared by others
 Think they have little control over what happens to
them
 Lack the capacity to manage stress
Other factors have also been found to predict
worse outcomes:
 Bereavement (death of someone close)
 Injury to self or another family member
 Life threat
 Panic, horror, or feelings like that during the disaster
 Being separated from family (especially among youth)
 Great loss of property
 Displacement ( being force to leave home)
 Developing Countries
There is a strong body of evidence that
these risk factors can be made worse if
the disaster occurs in a
country. Disasters developing in
countries, like Philippines, developing
have more
severe mental health impact than
disasters in developed countries. This
is true even with less serious disasters.
 Low or Negative social support
The support of others can be both a
risk and a resilience factor.
support can Social weaken after
This may be duedisasters.
to stress and the need
for members of the support network to
get on with their own lives.
 EFFECTS OF NATURAL
DISASTERS ON HUMAN
LIFE
 Displaced Populations
 When Mt. Pinatubo
erupted in 1991,
thousands of families in
Zambales and Pampanga
were displaced. Their
communities were
ravaged by lahar flow that
turned these
communities
into “wilderness”
Health Risk
Severe
flooding can
result in
stagnant
water that
allows
breeding
of
waterborne
bacteria
and
malaria
carrying
mosquitoes.
Dengue fever is
another serious
health problem
Food Scarcity
 After natural
disasters, food often
becomes scarce.
Thousands of people
around the world go
hungry as a result of
destroyed crops and
loss of agricultural
supplies, whether it
happens suddenly in
a storm or gradually
in a drought.
Emotional Aftershocks
 Natural disasters can be
particularly traumatic for
youngchildren.
Confronted with scenes
of destruction and the
deaths of friends and
loved ones,
children develop post
many
– traumatic stress
disorder
(PTSD), a serious
psychological
resulting from condition
trauma. extreme
 Disaster from Different
Perspective
Disaster is analyzed from different perspective as follows:
Physical Perspective