RISK 
 Poisonous chemicals
 Combination of a probability of an event and
it's negative consequences
DISASTER RISK
 Refers to the potential disaster losses in
lives, health, status, livelihood  assets and
services which could occur in community or
society over some specified future time
period 
VULNERABILITY 
 The quality of being exposed to the possible
of being attacked or harmed , either
physically or emotionally 
HAZARD
 Is a dangerous phenomenon, substance,
human activity or condition
 May cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damages,loss of
livelihood and services, social and
economic disruption or environmental
damage.
DISASTER
 A sudden calamities event, bringing great
damage,loss,destruction and devastation.
 A damaging event that occurs suddenly that
involves loss of life and property.
TWO TYPES OF DISASTER
Natural disaster
 Can destroy a community in an instant  Complex humanitarian emergencies
 Natural event such as flood,earthquake or
hurricane than causes great damage or loss
of life.
 Volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, typhoons and
Earthquakes which are destructive to
people's live.
 They can be classified as rapid onset
disasters and those with progressive onset,
such as droughts that lead to famine. These
events, usually sudden, can have
tremendous effects.
Man-made disaster  unable to access assistance.
 Cause by human being.
 Cause by man are those in which major
direct causes are identifiable intentional or
non-intentional human actions.
Example:
 Bomb explosions
 Terrorism 
 Wars leakage 
 Pollutants 
 Industrial accidents 
 Epidemics
Subdivided into three categories:
Technological/industrial disasters
 Unregulated industrialization
and inadequate safety
standards increase the risk for
industrial disasters.
EXAMPLE: leaks of hazardous materials;
accidental explosions; bridge or road
collapses, or vehicle collisions; Power cuts
Terrorism/Violence
 the threat of terrorism has also
increased due to the spread of
technologies involving nuclear,
biological, and chemical agents
used to develop weapons of
mass destruction.
EXAMPLE: bombs or explosions; release of
chemical materials; release of biological
agents; release of radioactive agents;
multiple or massive
shootings; mutinies
 
  usually used to describe the
humanitarian emergency  and
international or civil war.
  In such situations, large
numbers of people are displaced
from their homes due to the lack
of personal safety and the
disruption of basic infrastructure
including food distribution,
water, electricity,and sanitation,
or communities are left stranded
and isolated in their own homes
EXAMPLE: conflicts or wars and Genocide
the deliberate killing of a large group of
people, especially those of a particular
ethnic group or nation
RING OF FIRE
 A path along the pacific ocean   Without emergency relief from international
characterized by active volcanoes and aid organizations and others, death tolls can
frequent earthquake. rise even after the immediate danger has
CALAMITY  passed.
 An event causing great land often sudden Food Scarcity
damage or distress.  The aftermath of natural disasters affects
EARTHQUAKE the food supplies. 
 Shaking of earth caused by waves moving  Thousands of people around the world are
on and below the Earth's surface  hungry because of destroyed crops and loss
VOLCANIC ERUPTION  of agricultural supplies, whether it happens
 When lava and gas are charged from suddenly in a storm or gradually in a
volcanic vent drought.
PACIFIC OCEAN   As a result, food prices rise reducing
 Largest and deepest ocean division families' purchasing power and increasing
TYPHOON the risk of severe malnutrition or worse. 
 Type of tropical cyclone or severe tropical  The impacts of hunger following an
storm earthquake, typhoon or hurricane can be
NATURAL DISASTER  tremendous, causing lifelong damage to
 Natural event such as flood,earthquake or children's development.
hurricane than causes great damage or loss
of Emotional Aftershocks
 life.  Natural disasters can be particularly
DISTRUCTION traumatic for young children. Confronted
 A sudden or great misfortune or failure with scenes of destruction and the deaths of
MAN-MADE DISASTER  friends and loved ones, many children
 Cause by man are those in which major develop post-traumatic stress disorder
direct causes are identifiable intentional or (PTSD), a serious psychological 
non-intentional human actions. condition resulting from extreme trauma.
  Left untreated, children suffering from
THE HUMAN EFFECT OF NATURAL and  PTSD can be prone to lasting psychological
MAN-MADE DISASTERS damage and emotional distress.

 Displaced Populations Great damage caused by a disaster can

 One of the most immediate effects of
natural disasters is population
displacement. When countries are ravaged
by earthquakes or other powerful forces of
nature, many people need to abandon their
homes and seek shelter in other regions.  1. Check for hazards at home.
 A large influx of refugees can disrupt
accessibility of health care and education,
as well as food supplies and clean water.
Health Risks
 Aside from the obvious immediate danger
that natural disasters present, the
secondary effect can be just as damaging. 
 Severe flooding can result in stagnant water
that allows breeding of waterborne bacteria
and malaria- carrying mosquitoes.
be reduced if everyone will take
responsibility in anticipating its effects.
Here are some ways on how to plan
ahead of a disaster:
 
2. Identify safe place indoors and outdoors
3. Educate yourself and family members
4. Have Disaster kits/supplies on hand.
5. Develop an emergency communication
plan.
6. Help your community get ready.
7. Practice the Disaster Preparedness Cycle
Note!
The difference between HAZARD and
DISASTER

HAZARD
  Is a dangerous or event that carries threat
to humans.
 Less critical consequence
 Takes its full shaped after a series of
events, which might led it to happen.
DISASTER  
 an event that harms humans and disrupts
operations of society.
 More critical consequence  escape from reality.
 Often happen a short time, cause more time
severe effects.
Note!💡
HAZARDS can only be disaster if affected
humans. If disaster happened in
unpopulated area, it is still a hazard.
 THE DIFFERENT PERPECTIVE OF
DISASTERS
Physical perspective
 Calamities are phenomena that cause great
physical damage in a community
infrastructure, its people and their
properties, e.g. houses and environmental
sources of living.  physical
 These cited effects of a disaster can be
easily measured and the most common.
Natural disasters generally affect the
physical infrastructural facilities, agricultural
productivity and even lead to loss of life and
cause damage to property.  belief and "bahala na and Diyos" syndrome
Various factors influence the effects of a
disaster on a country
 magnitude of the disaster
  the geography of the area affected
  the recovery efforts directed towards
reducing the immediate effects of a disaster.
Effects of Physical Disasters 
 Injuries
 Physical disabilities or illness
 Sanitation
 Damage in infrastructure
Psychological Perspective
 Victims of disasters may suffer from Post
Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and
other serious mental health conditions,
which are not being given much attention to
by the authorities or even by the victims,
themselves. 
Note!💡
Disasters are mostly unpredictable, which
leave the victims in a state of shock. 
 They tend to deny the loss and try to
 
 Being in a denial state makes the victims
more vulnerable to stress, anxiety, and
other different maladaptive reactions.
  Death of a closed one also leaves the
victim in a state of insecurity because the
sense of love, attachment and
belongingness are deprived.
Psychological effects of a Disaster:
 distress
 intrusion/avoidance hatred/revenge
 dependence/insecurities lack of trust
hopelessness
 emotional effects cognitive 
 Effects interpersonal effect helplessness
 
Socio-cultural Perspective
 Filipinos are generally known as "matiisin",
resourceful, helpful, optimistic, and
prayerful.
 The culture of "malalampasan din natin 'to.."
give hope to most Filipino in the midst of a
disaster. Such perspective helps a lot
especially those who belong to the
marginalized sector to be hopeful and
continue fighting against any challenge at
hand.
  Their belief that a help from someone or
from God would arrive at a time they most
needed. It also helps most people survive a
lot of oddities in life.
Socio-Cultural Effect of Disasters 
change in individual roles
 disruption of social relationships and
personal connections
  Economic Perspective
 Disasters affect the economic condition of a
community because they reduce local and
international trade. 
  can also partially or totally paralyze a
country's transportation system, just like
what happened in the COVID19
pandemic.Implementation of a partial and
total shut down of local business operations
result to a lot of people losing means of
living.
Economic Effects of Disasters
 loss of life
 unemployment
 loss of property
 loss of household articles
 loss of crops
 loss of public infrastructure
Political Perspective
 Natural disasters are commonly thought to
be less politically argumentative than armed
conflicts, yet a closer look shows that both
the effects of a natural disaster and the
resulting distribution of humanitarian aid are
profoundly linked to politics.
 Just as vulnerability to disasters is mediated
by the political system of a country,
disasters can have major consequences for
political stability and political legitimacy
(Hörhager, July 2017.)
  Since agencies of government have a
significant role to play in directing disaster
preparedness, prevention and recovery.  VULNERABILITY
 Social systems establish vulnerability to
natural disasters and governments are often
considered to be responsible for the
disaster effects.
Political Effects of a Disaster
  People who have trust in political institution
will assess the government's risk
assessments as credible and accept their
hazard policies (Johnson 1999)
 Low level of trust in public institutions
therefore means that citizensmay ignore the
recommendations and disregard the
information provided by these institutions 
(McCaffey 2004). 
  If individuals are confident that they will
receive sufficient aid from the government
when a disaster occurs, they might not be
motivated to take measures on their own
(King and Kang 2000).
Biological Perspective
The disturbing effects caused by a prevalent
kind of disease or virus in an epidemic or
pandemic level is known as biological
disaster.
 Epidemic Level: Biological disaster
affects large numbers of people within a
given community or area. Ex: Dengue.
 Pandemic Level: Biological disaster
affects a much large region, sometime
spanning entire continents or the globe
Example:
  Swine Flue
Biological disasters
  can wipe out an entire population at a short
span of time.
Effects of Biological Disasters loss of
lives
 public demobilization
negative economic effect
 unemployment
 
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Hazard 
  a harmful condition, substance, human
behavior or condition that can cause loss of
life, injury or other health effects, harm to
property, loss of livelihood and services,
social and economic disruption or damage
to the environment.
  Any risk which is imminent is threat.
 Exposure   A certain community can be exposed but it
the presence of elements at risk or chance does not mean that it is vulnerable.
of being harmed from a natural or man-  to become vulnerable, it must be exposed to
made hazard event.  hazard first.
 The more a community is exposed to Example:
hazard factors, the higher is the disaster risk  Buildings and structures in Japan are
or higher chance disaster occurrence. exposed to earthquake, but they are
ELEMENTS INCLUDE: not vulnerable since their architectural
 individuals and engineering designs are
 households or communities earthquake proof or resistant. 
 properties
 buildings and structures Note!💡
 agricultural commodities  Exposure to hazard can make a community
 livelihoods vulnerable.
 public facilities   But not all communities that are exposed to
 infrastructures  hazard can be considered vulnerable.
 environmental assets present in an area   Vulnerability depends on the preparedness
that are subject to potential damage or even and readiness to a hazard of the
losses.  community.
  It depends mostly on how they mitigate,
Vulnerability  respond, and recover. 
 means the characteristics and
circumstances of a community, system, or
asset, that make it susceptible to the
damaging effects of a hazard and inability of
a community to prevent, mitigate, prepare
for and respond to hazardous events.

Risk 
implies the probability of possible adverse
effects. 
 This results from the interaction of social
and environmental systems, from the
combination of physical danger, and
exposed item vulnerabilities.

Disaster 
 a serious disruption to the functioning of a
community or society which causes
widespread human, material, economic or
environmental losses that exceed the
capacity of the community or society
concerned to cope with the use of their own
resources. 
 It results from the mix of hazards, risk
conditions and inadequate capability or
measures.
Exposure and vulnerability
 are distinct