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The Electrooculogram (EOG)
The Electrooculogram (EOG)
EOG
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Electrophisiology of RPE in dark and
light adaptation
Emil du Bois-Reymond (1848) observed that the
cornea of the eye is electrically positive relative to the
back of the eye.
Elwin Marg named the electrooculogram in 1951 and
Geoffrey Arden (Arden et al. 1962) developed the first
clinical application.
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EOG
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EOG
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Measuremant of the clinical EOG
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Measuremant of the clinical EOG
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Measuremant of the clinical EOG
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Measuremant of the clinical EOG
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Measuremant of the clinical EOG
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Saccadic Response
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Saccadic Response
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Saccadic Response
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The standard mehtod
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The standard mehtod
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The standard mehtod
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The standard mehtod
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The standard mehtod
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The standard mehtod
Typically the voltage becomes a little smaller in the dark
reaching its lowest potential after about 8-12 minutes, the
so-called "dark trough.“
When the lights are turned on the potential rises, the light
rise, reaching its peak in about 10 minutes.
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The standard mehtod
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BEST Disease
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BEST Disease
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BEST Disease
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Diseases
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Practical notes, instruments and
definitions
• Amplifiers: for the lowpass filter, 30 Hz is sufficient.
• Amplifier saturation: EOG potentails measured
during saccadic eye movements can vary by about 5:1
in amplitude between subjects, which, with the light
rise, may mean a total amplitude range of up to 15:1.
thus, the operator must be able to see the recordings
of the saccades to ensure saturation dose not occur,
and to adjust the amplifier gain setting accordingly.
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Practical notes, instruments and
definitions
• Arden ratio: the Arden ratio is the peak EOG
amplitude occurring in the light phase, divided by the
minimum amplitude during the dark phase.
• Compliance of the patient: some patient suffer
claustrophobia or fear of the dark, and so the testing
must be perform in such a way as to minimise these
fears. In most cases, coaching under observation can
remedy poor co-operation.
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Practical notes, instruments and
definitions
• Electrodes: recording the EOG is relatively undemanding
as regards the electrodes. These shoud be relatively non-
polarisable such as standard medical EEG or ECG
electrodes, of a size appropriate for attachment to the side
of the nose.
• Full field (Ganzfield) stimulator: this should be as large
as practicable to allow adequate distance from eye to
fixation lights. It should have a chin rest and forehead bar
to ensure stable head position.
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Practical notes, instruments and
definitions
• Plotting: the average EOG amplitude calculated from
each 10 second trial shoud be potted. It is helpful if
any uncertain values have been identified and marked
at the time of recording, so that they can be ignored
when identifying the underlying curve.
• Pupil dilation: having dilated pupils means less
variability in the light entering the eye. If pupils are
not artificially dilated, then the report should state
this.
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Light
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Reporting
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Reporting
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EOG
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EOG
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EOG
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