DEFORMATION OF ROCK ON THE EFFECT OF

SOAKING AND UNSOKING TOWARDS

PHYSICAL,MECHANICAL AND DYNAMIC
PROPERTIES OF TROPICAL SANDSTONE

Prepared by : Muhammad Hadzim Bin Zaki

Supervisor : Nur Masyitah Binti Othman

 OVERALL FLOW DIAGRAM

Methodology

Literature
Review

Introduction
 INTRODUCTION
• Background research
Weathering is a physical, chemical and mechanical process that has
occurred predominantly in tropical climates such as Malaysia, where the
combination of two or three weathering modes can speed up the process
in certain areas. Physical weathering is simply the mechanism of
bonded crystal disintegration, while chemical weathering changes
mineralogy composition, often modifying the rock's chemical behavior.
(Ghiasi V Omar H and Huat B K,2009)
 Problem statement
Malaysia’s unique tropical weather such as wet and dry all year. With
this kind climate the sandstone weathering process is fasten and may
exposed to different weathering grades.

As the process takes place, it causes sandstone structures such as

foundation experiencing micro cracks , delamination, aveolar erosion
and efflorescence that eventually lead to failure

Study on the mechanical and dynamic properties of tropical weathered

sandstone so we can understand the characteristics and behavior of the
rock towards soaking and unsoaking process.
 Objectives
• To determine the physical, mechanical, and dynamic properties of
tropical weathered sandstone.

• To analyse the deformation behavior of soaking and unsoaking of

weathered sandstone under uniaxial compressive stress.

• To evaluate the implication of stress-strain to the deformation of

tropical weathered sandstone on variable weathering grades.
 Significant of Studies
Research value Engineering element
- understand the parameters that influence - provide preliminary study for effect of
rock strength with the effect of soaking and soaking and unsoaking of tropical weathered
un-soaking sandstone

- provide physical and mechanical - differentiate between lower and higher

understanding towards behaviour of grade of strength of weathering process.
sandstone with effect of soaking and un-
soaking.
Cont,
Benefits towards enviroment:

• Help differentiate between lower and higher grade of strength of

weathering process.

• Application of engineering in rock towards infrastructure work

• Provide preliminary study and increase work efficiency in industry.

Cont,
Benefit to which part of infrastructure engineering:
• Understanding about rock will help engineer become more familiar
with the behaviour of the rock. When designing slope and foundation,
road.

• Since rock strength is not same as soil or concrete strength where its
strength lies on the alteration mineral in the rock where it expose to
weathering process.
 Limitation
• To see that strength and characteristics of the tropical weathered
sandstone.
• The location of rock sample only collected at Kulim, Kedah. The
behaviour of the rock is different for every site location.
 RESEARCH QUESTION OBJECTIVES HYPOTHESIS

What are the compressive strength To determine the physical, higher the weathering grades, the
of wheathred sandstone? mechanical, and dynamic lower the compressive strength of
properties of tropical weathered sandstone.
sandstone.

How the soaking and unsoaking To analyse the deformation the rock will ungoes different
rock deform under uniaxial behavior of soaking and unsoaking maximum bearing capacity on
compression test? of weathered sandstone under different weathering grades.
uniaxial compressive stress.

what effect does stress-strain of To evaluate the implication of there is a positive effect between
soaking and un soaking sandstone stress-strain to the deformation of stress-strain of weathered
under compressive stress? tropical weathered sandstone on sandstone under compressive
variable weathering grades. stress.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Author(s) Paper
You M , 2005 Strength criterion for rocks under
compressive-tensile and its application
J. Rock
Mech. and Geotech. Eng
Mohamad E T KomooI Kassim K A and Influence of moisture content on the
Gofar N , 2008 strength of weathered sandstone
Hasan A S M and Osman N M Characterization of tropical granite
,2012 properties based on the
degree of weathering
Baud Wong and Zhu , 2014 effect of porosity and crack density on
the compressive strength of rock
Finding/statement
Rock is a material that have an ability to
sustain the compressive strength than
tensile strength, similar to concrete.rock
is weak in tensile strength andstrong in
compressive strength
increase the pore water pressure and
cause instability of weak plane causing
rock more fragile.
The wave travel time is much
depending on the particle arrangement
of the rock microstructure
compressive strength is controlled by
two attributes :
the porosity and the pore radius.
UCS decrease with increasing porosity,
which can be associated with pore siZes
comparable to those from
microstructural observation.
METHODOLOGY
• Dependent variables
Compressive strength of
sandstone

• Independent variables
Weathering grade (sample
obtained), weakness plane of rock
Sample collection
• Collected at mukim wang
tepus, kedah
• in form of rock boulder
• bring back to laboratory.

figure 1 : location of sample obtained

Sample preparation
Rock boulder cored into
--
25 cylinder samples
-dimension of 100mm
x200mm
- core drill instrument figure 2 : cylinder
samples
used to core the rock in
the lab

figure 3 : core drill instrument

Laboratory testings
Rebound hammer test
- to test the weathering grades of
sample
- rebound number

Pundit test figure 4 : rebound hammer

figure 5: pundit
test equipment
cont,
Uniaxial compression test
-to test the compressive strength of
sample with the effect of soaking
and unsoaking.
-sample prepared with the soaking
and unsoaking process of 7,14,28
days.

figure 6 : compression machine

 Activity Planning
Gant chart
ACTIVITY FYP1 FYP2

SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL

Developing Research Gap

Writing Research Proposal

Writing Research Summary

Submission R Gap, R proposal
Slide Presentation
Online Presentation
Report Writing
REFERENCES
• Hasan A S M and Osman N M 2012 Characterization of tropical granite properties
based on the degree of weathering Int. Conf. on Innov. and Techno. for
Sustainable Built Env. (PerakMalaysia) p. 623–629.
• Mohamad E T KomooI Kassim K A and Gofar N 2008 Influence of moisture
content on thestrength of weathered sandstone Malays. J. Civ. Eng. 20, 1 p. 137–
144.
• You M 2015 Strength criterion for rocks under compressive-tensile and its
application J. Rock Mech. and Geotech. Eng. 7, 4 p. 434-439.
• Baud Wong and Zhu , 2014 effect of porosity and crack density on the
compressive strength of rock.