RRASE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF EEE

HUMAN RIGHTS
Unit - II
By
S.MUTHUSELVI
 HUMAN RIGHTS
• Establishment of the UNITED NATION IN 1945
• Central concern, reaffirmation its faith in fundamental
rights.
I. Life, liberty, Dignity
II. Worth of human being
III. Equal rights of Men & Women(Nations large or Small)
IV. Guaranteed by the constitution or embobied in
International Covenants and enforced by Courts of
India
 HR are essential:
1. Individuals to develop their personality
2. Human qualities
3. Intelligence
4. Talent and Conscience
5. Enable to satisfy their Spiritual & other
higher needs.
 Regional human right treaties.
a. European Convection on Human Rights and
Fundamental Freedoms.
b. Americans Convention on Human Rights
c. African Charter on Human and People’s
Rights
d. National Constitutions, legislative and judicial
pronouncements
Origin and Development of Human Rights

• Human rights as Naturals rights is illustrated

by Greek play: Antigone
Natural law theory:
• Rights to freedom of speech
• Rights to equality before law.
• Rights to equal respect to all
• The human Rights of First Generation : The
International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights.
• Rights had developed in course of long period.
Concretised in the form of magna carta.
1. American Declaration and Independence
2. French declaration of the rights of man and of
the citizen.
• These rights reflects & establishment of
human values to incorporated in national
constitutions of various states.
• (International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights, European Covenantions on Human
Rights & Inter-American & African
instruments.)
• Laws are considered as a part of mankind.
 HUMAN RIGHTS
HR are incorporated in International Human
Rights.
a. International Covenant on Civil & Political
Rights
b. International Covenant on Economic, Social
and Cultural rights.
 Classification of Human Rights
Sohn has classified HR in the following three
categories:
• The human Rights of First Generation
• The human Rights of Second Generation
• The human Rights of Third Generation
 HISTORY
• The idea of an international organization for food and
agriculture emerged in the late 19th and early 20th century,
advanced primarily by the US agriculturalist and activist
David Lubin.
• In May–June 1905, an international conference was held in
Rome, Italy,which led to the creation of the International
Institute of Agriculture Representatives from forty four
governments gathered at The Homestead Resort in Hot
Springs, Virginia from 18 May to 3 June.
• They committed themselves to founding a permanent
organization for food and agriculture, which happened in
Quebec City, Canada on 16 October 1945 with the conclusion
of the Constitution of the Food and Agriculture Organization
 MOTTO
• Its Latin motto, fiat panis, translates as "let
there be bread".
• As of 8 August 2013, FAO has 194 member
states, along with the European Union (a
"member organization"), and the Faroe Islands
and Tokelau, which are associate members.
 Structure
• FAO is composed of seven departments:
• Administration and Finance,
• Agriculture and Consumer Protection,
• Economic and Social Development,
• Fisheries and Aquaculture, Forestry,
• Natural Resource Management and
Environment, and
• Technical Cooperation
 ACTIVITIES
• FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations
meet as equals to negotiate agreements and
debate policy.
• FAO is also a source of knowledge and
information, and helps developing countries
and countries in transition modernize
• improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries
practices, ensuring good nutrition and food
security for all.
 PRIORITY WORK AREAS
• Help eliminate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition.
• Make agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and sustainable.
• Reduce rural poverty.
• Enable inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems.
• Increase the resilience of livelihoods from disasters.
• In this context, FAO initiated “ A World Freedom from Hunger
campaign during 1960 and disseminated nutrition information and
education to people.
• In Dec 1992, an international conference on Nutrition was held in Rome in
collaboration with WHO.
• They jointly sponsored a large number of expert committees on
Food & Nutrition.