ELASTIC IMPRESSION

MATERIALS
Silicones

DR Rabia Anwar
Condensation Silicones
 INDICATIONS
 Impressions for:
 Crowns and bridges
 Implants
 Full dentures
 Cast partial dentures
 AVAILABILITY
 2-paste system:
 Base paste
 Catalyst paste

 Paste / liquid
system:
 Base paste
 Catalyst liquid
AVAILABILITY…
 4 grades are available:
 Light-bodied
Increased
 Normal/regular-bodied filler
content
 Heavy-bodied
 Putty
 Influence of filler content on the
properties of condensation silicone

Filler content Light-bodied Viscosity Setting contraction Thermal contraction Dimensional

stability
Increasing Regular-bodied
Regular-bodied Increasing Decreasing Decreasing Increasing
Heavy-bodied

Putty
 COMPOSITION
Base paste
Component Function
Hydroxyl-terminated Undergoes cross-linking to form rubber
polydimethylsiloxane
(liquid silicone
prepolymer)
Silica (Inert filler) Provides body to the material. Controls viscosity and modifies
physical properties
COMPOSITION…
Catalyst Liquid
Component Function
Alkyl silicate such as Acts as cross-linking agent
tetraethylsilicate

Tin compound such as Acts as reaction catalyst

dibutyl tin dilaurate
SETTING REACTION…

Hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane prepolymer

Tetraethyl silicate (cross-linking agent)

 SETTING REACTION
 On mixing the two components a reaction takes place
between terminal hydroxyl groups of silicone prepolymer
chain and cross-linking agent under the influence of
catalyst
 Each cross-linking agent reacts with four prepolymer
chains
 Ethyl alcohol is produced as a byproduct
 Cross linking increases viscosity and rapid development
of elastic properties
 CH3 CH3

Condensation HO – Si – O – Si - O - H

CH3 CH3
C2H5O OC2H5

n
Silicone Si
CH3 CH3
Reaction HO – Si – O – Si - O - H C2H5O OC2H5

CH3 CH3 n

metal organic ester

CH3 CH3

HO – Si – O – Si - O - OC2H5

CH3 CH3 n
Si + 2C2H5OH
ethanol
CH3 CH3

HO – Si – O – Si - O - OC2H5

CH3 CH3 n
SETTING REACTION…

+ 3C2H5OH

Ethyl alcohol
 MANIPULATION
 Mixing
 Two Paste system – Equal lengths of both pastes
 Liquid / paste system – One drop of liquid per inch of extruded paste

Mixing
Time
00:00:00 30 -60 sec Working
Time
2-3min Setting
Time
6-8 min
MANIPULATION…
 Putty-wash technique

 Developed to minimize the effect of polymerization

shrinkage on the dimensional stability

 Two methods:
 Two stage procedure Light bodied
 Single stage procedure material
Putty material
 MANIPULATION…
 Two stage procedure:
 Preliminary impression is obtained using putty material

 Light body “wash” material is then placed into the preliminary impression

 Tray is then again seated into the mouth to obtain the final impression
 The space for wash material is created by either cutting the putty material
or by using a polyethylene spacer between the putty and the prepared
teeth

Light
bodied
Putty material material
MANIPULATION…
 Single stage procedure:
 Light body “wash” material is syringed around the prepared tooth
 Tray loaded with putty material is then again seated into the
mouth
 The two materials then blend together and set
 ADVANTAGES
 Highly elastic
 Clean, pleasant
 Good working and setting time
 Adequate tear resistance (about 300%)
 Putty wash impression
 Improves accuracy
 DISADVANTAGES
 Poor dimensional stability
 High shrinkage
 Continued polymerization
 Evaporation of ethanol
 Pour immediately
 Within 1 hour

 Hydrophobic
 Poor wettability
 Need proper drying of the area

 Possible irritation and blistering of eyes due to

liquid component
 TROUBLESHOOTING
Inadequate working time
 Excessive humidity and/or temperature tend to shorten both working
and setting times.
 An improper base to-catalyst ratio could also produce inadequate
working time.
 Insufficient catalyst will result in prolonged setting times
TROUBLESHOOTING…
Distortion
 Failure to remove the impression in a rapid, jerking motion may
cause the impression to become permanently deformed.
 It may undergo permanent deformation if allowed to rest face down
on the bench.
 Excessive delay in pouring the cast may also result in dimensional
changes.
 Possible shrinkage may result from continued polymerization and
vaporization of volatiles in the silicone rubber.
 TROUBLESHOOTING…
Loss of detail
 Premature removal of the impression from the mouth.
 Failure to allow the impression material to set adequately.
 Incomplete mixing.
 Failure to incorporate all the catalyst into the base will result in
incomplete polymerization.
 Due to movement of the tray after the impression has been seated.
Failure to maintain the tray in a stable position will result in a blurred
impression.
 DISINFECTION

 Condensation silicone impressions can be disinfected by immersion in

sodium hypochlorite, iodophors, glutaraldehydes, or phenolic
glutaraldehydes. The manufacturer's recommendations for proper
disinfection should be followed.
Addition Silicone
 INDICATIONS
 Impressions for:
 Crowns and bridges
 Implants
 Full dentures
 Cast partial dentures
 AVAILABILITY
 2-paste system:  Availability:
 Base paste  Tubes
 Catalyst paste  Cartridges

 4 grades are available:

 Light-bodied
Increased
 Normal/regular-bodied
filler
 Heavy-bodied content

 Putty
 COMPOSITION
Base paste Catalyst paste
Polydimethyl hydrogen siloxane Divinyl polydimethyl siloxane
(Methyl groups are replaced by hydrogen) (Methyl groups are replaced by vinyl groups)

Filler Filler

Retarder Catalyst
(platinum salt activator, e.g. chloroplatinic acid)
COMPOSITION…
CH3 – Si – CH3 CH3 – Si – CH3
o o
CH3 – Si – H CH3 – Si – CH2 = CH
o o
CH3 – Si – CH3 CH3 – Si – CH3

Structural formulae of paste Structural formulae of paste

containing Si-H groups containing Si-CH = CH2 groups
 SETTING REACTION
 On mixing the two pastes, platinum catalyst induces an addition
polymerization reaction between the two types of siloxane
prepolymer
 The reaction produces cross-linking
 Cross-linking results in increase in viscosity and development of
elasticity
 No byproducts are produced
 Sometimes hydrogen is produced which can be due to reaction
between the platinum catalyst and the moisture
 Hydrogen can produce porosities, so pouring of the cast may be
delayed (some formulations may contain hydrogen absorbers)
SETTING REACTION…
CH3 – Si – CH3 CH3 – Si – CH3
o o
CH3 – Si – H CH2 = CH – Si – CH3
o o
CH3 – Si – CH3 CH3 – Si – CH3
Catalyst

CH3 – Si – CH3 CH3 – Si – CH3

o o
CH3 – Si – CH2 CH2 – Si – CH
3

o o
CH3 – Si – CH3 CH3 – Si – CH3
Addition CH3 O
---O – Si – CH = CH2 H - Si – CH3
Silicone CH3
CH3
O CH = CH2 – Si – O ---
Reaction CH3 - Si - H CH3

Chloroplatinic Acid Catalyst

CH3 O
---O – Si – CH2 - CH2 - Si – CH3
CH3 O CH3
CH3 - Si - CH2 - CH2 – Si – O ---

O CH3
 MANIPULATION
 Mixing
 Tubes
 Mixing pad, equal lengths of each paste

 Cartridges
 Auto mixing, cartridges have two compartments containing each paste, mixed in
nozzle during extrusion

 Electric mixing device

 Machine is loaded with bulk quantities, material is mixed and extruded in the
cartridge on pressing the button
 Cartridges loaded in a dispensing gun

Nozzle
Electronic mixing device
 ADVANTAGES

 Highly accurate
 High dimensional stability
 Stock or custom trays
 Multiple casts
 Easy to mix
 Pleasant color and scent
 No staining
 DISADVANTAGES
 Hydrophobic
 Area should be completely dried
 Moisture contamination will result in inaccurate impression

 Expensive
 Platinum catalyst system poisoning
 It Inhibits the setting
 Can be due to sulfur in latex gloves and rubber dam and due to freshly placed
methacrylate-based materials such as composites, compomers, light cured
GICs

 Possible hydrogen gas release

 Attempts to overcome
hydrophobicity
 Surface active agents added to the material (less
hydrophobic).
 Surface active sprays is used to coat the hard or soft
tissue prior to impression.
 Produces impression with better fine details.
 Fewer blow holes.
 Improves the affinity between the impression materials
and the oral tissue.
 Improves the compatibility between the impression and
gypsum.
 DISINFECTION
 Condensation silicone impressions can be disinfected by immersion
in sodium hypochlorite, iodophors, glutaraldehydes, or phenolic
glutaraldehydes. The manufacturer's recommendations for proper
disinfection should be followed.
THANK YOU