Systems Analysis and Design

Systems Analysis and Design
CHAPTER 1
Alan Dennis, Barbara Haley Wixom, and Roberta Roth

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Slides by Candace S. Garrod

Red Rocks Community College
3-1
The Systems Analyst and
Information Systems Development
3-2
Key Ideas
Many failed systems were abandoned

because analysts tried to build
wonderful systems without
understanding the organization.
The primarily goal is to create value for
the organization.
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis, Wixom, & Roth Systems Analysis and Design, 4th
Slide 3 Edition
The Systems Analyst
The systems analyst is a key person

analyzing the business, identifying
opportunities for improvement, and
designing information systems to
implement these ideas.
It is important to understand and develop
through practice the skills needed to
successfully design and implement new
information systems.
Slide 4 Edition
The Systems Analyst
The systems analyst assists and guides

the project team so the team develops
the right system in an effective way.
Systems analysts must understand how
to apply technology in order to solve
problems.
1-5 Edition
Systems analysts may also serve as
change agents who identify the
organization improvements needed,
design systems to implement those
changes, and train/motivate others to use
the systems.
1-6 Edition
Systems Analyst Skills
Introduces change to the organization

and people
Leads a successful organization change
effort
Understands what to change and knows
how to change it
1-7 Edition
Must have technical skills, as well as,
business skills
Communicate effectively and give
presentations
Must be able to deal fairly, honestly, and
ethically with other project members,
managers, and systems users
1-8 Edition
Project Team Specialization
Business analyst
Systems analyst
Infrastructure analyst
Change management analyst
Project manager
1-9 Edition
Systems Analyst Specialization
The systems analyst focuses on the IS issues

surrounding the system.
Develops ideas and suggestions for ways IT
can improve business process, helps design
new business processes, helps design new
business process, designs the new
information system, and ensures that all IS
standards are maintained.
1 - 10 Edition
Business Analyst
Focuses on the business issues

surrounding the system
Identifies the business value that the
system will create
Develops ideas for improving the
business processes
Helps design new business processes
and policies
1 - 11 Edition
Infrastructure Analyst
Focuses on technical issues surrounding

the ways the system will interact with
the organization’s technical
infrastructure
Ensures that the new information
system conforms to organization
standards
Identifies infrastructure changes
1 - 12 Edition
Change Management Analyst
Focuses on the people and management

issues surrounding the system installation.
Ensures that adequate documentation and
support are available to users.
Provides user training.
Develops strategies to overcome resistance
to change.
1 - 13 Edition
Project Manager
Highly experienced systems analyst.

Ensures that the project is completed on
time and within budget.
Makes sure the system delivers the
expected vale to the organization.
1 - 14 Edition
Major Attributes of the Lifecycle
The project
Moves systematically through phases where each
phase has a standard set of outputs
Produces project deliverables
Uses deliverables in implementation
Results in actual information system
Uses gradual refinement
Slide 15 Edition
The Systems Development Life Cycle
(SDLC)
3 - 16
The SDLC is composed of four
fundamental phases:
Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
1 - 17 Edition
Project Phases
Planning
Why build the system?
Analysis
Who, what, when, where will the system be?
Design
How will the system work?
Implementation
System delivery
Slide 18 Edition
Each of the phases include a set of
steps, which rely on techniques that
produce specific document files that
provide understanding about the
project.
1 - 19 Edition
Processes and Deliverables
Process Product
Planning Project Plan
Analysis System Proposal
Design System
Specification
Implementation New System and

Maintenance Plan
1 - 20 Edition
To Understand the SDLC:
Each phase consists of steps that lead
to specific deliverables
The system evolves through gradual
refinement
1 - 21 Edition
Edition
Project Management
Edition
SDLC Phases
Edition
Phase I: Planning
1 - 25 Edition
This phase is the fundamental process of
understanding why an information
system should be built.
The Planning phase will also determine
how the project team will go about
building the information system.
The Planning phase is composed of two
planning steps.
1 - 26 Edition
Two Planning Steps
1. During project initiation, the system’s

business value to the organization is
identified (How will it lower costs or increase
revenues?)
2. During project management, the project
manager creates a work plan, staffs the
project, and puts techniques in place to help
the project team control and direct the project
through the entire SDLC.
1 - 27 Edition
Part I : Planning
1 - 28 Edition
Part I : Planning
1 - 29 Edition
Phase II: Analysis
1 - 30 Edition
The analysis phase answers the questions of
who will use the system, what the system will
do, and where and when it will be used.
During this phase the project team investigates
any current system(s), identifies improvement
opportunities, and develops a concept for the
new system.
This phase has three analysis steps.
1 - 31 Edition
Three Analysis Steps
1. Analysis strategy: This is developed to

guide the projects team’s efforts. This
includes an analysis of the current system.
2. Requirements gathering: The analysis of
this information leads to the development of a
concept for a new system. This concept is
used to build a set of analysis models.
3. System proposal: The proposal is presented
to the project sponsor and other key
individuals who decide whether the project
should continue to move forward.
1 - 32 Edition
Part II : Analysis
1 - 33 Edition
The system proposal is the initial deliverable
that describes what business requirements the
new system should meet.
The deliverable from this phase is both an
analysis and a high-level initial design for the
new system.
1 - 34 Edition
Part II : Analysis
1 - 35 Edition
Phase III: Design
1 - 36 Edition
In this phases it is decided how the
system will operate, in terms of the
hardware, software, and network
infrastructure; the user interface, forms,
and reports that will be used; and the
specific programs, databases, and files
that will be needed.
1 - 37 Edition
Five Design Steps
1. Design Strategy: This clarifies whether the

system will be developed by the company or
outside the company.
2. Architecture Design: This describes the
hardware, software, and network
infrastructure that will be used.
3. Database and File Specifications: These
documents define what and where the data
will be stored.
4. Program Design: Defines what programs
need to be written and what they will do.
1 - 38 Edition
Part III : Design
1 - 39 Edition
Part III : Design
1 - 40 Edition
Phase IV: Implementation
1 - 41 Edition
During this phase, the system is either
developed or purchased (in the case of
packaged software).
This phase is usually the longest and
most expensive part of the process.
The phase has three steps.
1 - 42 Edition
Three Implementation Steps
System Construction: The system is

built and tested to make sure it performs
as designed.
Installation: Prepare to support the
installed system.
Support Plan: Includes a post-
implementation review.
1 - 43 Edition
Part IV : Implementation
1 - 44 Edition
Part IV : Implementation
1 - 45 Edition

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Systems Analysis and Design

Alan Dennis, Barbara Haley Wixom, and Roberta Roth

Slides by Candace S. Garrod

Many failed systems were abandoned

The systems analyst is a key person

The systems analyst assists and guides

Introduces change to the organization

The systems analyst focuses on the IS issues

Focuses on the business issues

Focuses on technical issues surrounding

Focuses on the people and management

Highly experienced systems analyst.

Planning Project Plan

Analysis System Proposal

Implementation New System and

1. During project initiation, the system’s

1. Analysis strategy: This is developed to

1. Design Strategy: This clarifies whether the

System Construction: The system is

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