Building Planning

Prepared by
Dr. Anantha Singh T. S.
Assistant Professor/ Civil/ PDPU
 Perspective Drawing
• One point perspective is a drawing method
that shows how things appear to get smaller
as they get further away, converging towards a
single ‘vanishing point’ on the horizon line.
• true shape
• vanishing point
• horizon line
 Principles of town planning
• The art of town planning requires the knowledge of engineering,
surveying, and architecture besides imagination and sharp common
sense.
• Green belt
• Housing
• Public buildings
• Recreation centers
• Road system
• Transport facilities
• zoning
 Origin and growth of towns
• The topographical features and functional aspects are mainly
responsible for the organization of any town
– Topographical – river bank, sea front, plain area, hilly for defence
and industrial
– Functional aspects are education, health resorts, political and
religious
• It is wrong to say that towns and cities are solely the result of
industrialization because they existed many centuries before.
• The size of town depends upon the amount of goods and services
supplied to outsiders
• The growth of the town may be looked upon in the
following two ways
– Growth according to origin
– Growth according to the direction
• Growth according to origin
• Natural growth
• Planned growth
• Growth according to the direction
• Horizontal growth
• Vertical growth
• Growth according to Natural growth
– Concentric spread
– Ribbon development
– Satellite growth
– Scattered growth
Stages of development of a town
• According to Lewis Mumford
– Eopolis – village based on agriculture
– Polis – people with some specialization and mechanization
– Metropolis – town serving as capital
– Megalopolis – first stage of decline
– Tyrannopolis – second stage of decline – trade depression
– Nekropolis – worst stage of decline – inhabitants because of diseases
• Sir Patrick Geddes
– Primary – agricultural villages
– Secondary – centres of exchange
– Tertiary – towns which provide all the facilities
• Different forms of planning
– International planning
– National planning
– Regional planning
– Country planning
– Local planning or town planning
• Selection of site for a new town
– Availability of water and electric power
– Available effective means of communication
– Topography of the area
– Climatic conditions
– Extent of development of the area
– Drainability of the area
– Location of rivers, streams, etc
– Frequency of floods and earthquakes
– Fertility and nature of the soil
– Economic condition of the people
– Commodities exported and imported
• Planning a modern town
– Site for residence, industry, commerce, parks etc.
– Communication system
– Public buildings
– Public utility services
– Neighbourhood structures
• Enforcement of town planning schemes
– Power to require land
– Power to finance the city planning projects
– Power to fix the value of the property
– Power to acquire slums and demolish them to improve the town
– Power to compel use of land for the propose it is earmarked
– Power to introduce zoning
(town planning acts -1909)
• Various survey works
• Master plan
• Zoning
• Housing
• Slums
• Industries
• Public buildings
• Parks and play grounds
• Urban roads
• Traffic management
Zoning
• Zoning represents allocation of land for specific purpose on
one hand and controls use height and construction of the
buildings in a town on the other hand, for the purpose of
securing convenience, health, safety and general welfare of
the community.
– Serves as main tool to the planner to maintain future growth
– Zoning affords proper co-ordination
– Zoning makes town planning scheme effective and successful
Principles of zoning
• Arrangement of zones
• Marketing of boundaries of each zone
• Flexibility
• Dividing of zones
• Existing towns
Aspects of zoning
• Density zoning
• Height zoning
• Use zoning
– Residential zone
– Industrial zone
– Recreational zone
– Commercial zone