Basic Concepts of Air

Conditioning

Ar.M.N.Praveen

Slide 1
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM

S.A. DUCT

COOL
COIL AIR

HEAT
S.A.
FAN

Slide 2
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM

S.A. DUCT S.A.

TERMINAL

COOL
COIL AIR

HEAT
S.A.
FAN

Slide 3
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM

R.A. GRILL
S.A. DUCT S.A.
TERMINAL

COOL WARM AIR

COIL AIR

HEAT
S.A.
FAN

Slide 4
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM

R.A DUCT
R.A. GRILL
S.A. DUCT S.A.
TERMINAL

COOL
COIL AIR

HEAT
S.A.
FAN

Slide 5
TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM

R.A.
FAN R.A DUCT
R.A. GRILL
S.A. DUCT S.A.
TERMINAL

COIL COOL
AIR
HEAT
S.A.
FAN

Slide 6
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM

R.A.
FAN R.A DUCT
R.A. GRILL
S.A. DUCT S.A.
TERMINAL
R.A. DAMPER
COIL COOL
AIR
FRESH
OUTDOOR HEAT
AIR S.A.
FAN

O.A.
DAMPER
FILTER

Slide 7
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM

EXHAUST E.A.
AIR DAMPER R.A.
FAN R.A DUCT
R.A. GRILL
S.A. DUCT S.A.
TERMINAL
R.A. DAMPER
COIL COOL
AIR
FRESH
OUTDOOR HEAT
AIR S.A.
FAN

O.A.
DAMPER
FILTER

Slide 8
 Economizer

• Provides cooling to space when outdoor air

temperatures are below 55 degrees
• Switches over automatically from mechanical
cooling
• Adjusts R.A. and F.A. dampers to maintain space
temp
• May incorporate enthalpy control
• Mandatory in some states based on unit capacity

Slide 9
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM
EXHAUST E.A.
AIR DAMPER R.A.
FAN R.A DUCT
R.A. GRILL
S.A. DUCT S.A.
TERMINAL
R.A. DAMPER
COIL COOL
AIR
FRESH
OUTDOOR HEAT
AIR S.A.
FAN

O.A.
DAMPER WATER PIPING
FILTER

CHILLED
WATER WATER
PUMP CHILLER

Slide 10
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM
EXHAUST E.A.
AIR DAMPER R.A.
FAN R.A DUCT
R.A. GRILL
S.A. DUCT S.A.
TERMINAL
R.A. DAMPER
COIL COOL
AIR
FRESH
OUTDOOR HEAT
AIR S.A.
FAN

O.A.
DAMPER WATER PIPING
FILTER

HEAT

COOLING
TOWER
CHILLED
WATER WATER
PUMP CHILLER
CONDENSER
PUMP
Slide 11
 Single Package Roof Top Unit

•Most common
•Entire hvac system is
located on mall roof
•Most common to have
roof leaks from roof
curb, condensate
overflow or roof
punctures
Slide 12
Single Package Roof Top Unit
HEAT

COMP CONDR ELECTRIC

HEATER
COIL
O.A.
FAN

E.A. S.A. DUCT

S.A.
R.A. DUCT TERMINAL

HEAT

Slide 13
 Single Package Roof Top Unit

• Rooftop package unit

• Mounted on adaptor
curb
• Power exhaust and
economizer installed

Slide 14
 Split System

• HVAC system split into 2 pieces

• Condensing unit located on roof (houses
compressor, condenser coil, condenser fan motor)
• Air handler located in space above ceiling (houses
blower assembly, evap coil, air filters)
• Connected electrically and with refrigerant piping
• Most prone to refrigerant leaks especially if long
distance between components
• Many times refrigerant lines are buried in
construction and inaccessible

Slide 15
 SPLIT SYSTEM
CONDENSING UNIT HEAT
REFRIGERANT C
LINES C O
O N
M
D
AIR
P
R

AIR HANDLING
UNIT
COIL
O.A. POSSIBLE
FAN ELECTRIC
HEAT

E.A. S.A. DUCT

R.A. DUCT

HEAT OPTIONAL
SUPPLEMENTARY
HEATING
SYSTEM

Slide 16
SPLIT SYSTEM

Slide 17
 Split System

• Air cooled condensing

unit
• Compressor, condenser
coil and condenser fans
• Connected to indoor air
handler

Slide 18
 VAV BOX
Variable Air Volume
• Consists of VAV terminal
box located in the space
above ceiling
• May have supplemental
blower motor for positive
airflow to space
• May have air filtration
• Has a damper inside that
opens and closes on
demand from thermostat
to allow more or less
airflow to space
Slide 19