The Communicative Purpose:

To present two different point of view on a certain

issue

The Feature:
There are argument for and against toward the
issue / problem that the writer wants to expose in
the text
The General Structure:
1. Issue: The problem / the topic that the writer wants
to discuss
2. Arguments For + Evidence + Reasons
3. Arguments Against + Evidence + Reasons
4. Summary / Conclusion / Recommendation
The Language Feature:
1. Use the general nouns to state the category.
Such as: School rules are necessary.
2. Use the thinking verbs to express the personal opinion. Such as:
believe, think
3. Use the addictive, contrastive and causal connectives to connect
argument. Such are: on the contrary, on the other hand, but other
disagree
The Difference between Exposition
and Discussion

Exposition Analytical (Pro / Contra)

Hortatory (Pro / Contra)
Discussion Pro in one text
Contra
Example :
Many people argue if school rules are necessary or not.
Some people believe that school rules are necessary. In their opinion, school
without any rules will arise chaos. If there were no rules for moving around the school, there
would be ‘student-jams’ every time the change of the lessons. Pupils will not wear their
uniforms with pride, damaging the school in the eyes of the local community. Times for using
the library or club rooms will not exist, and no one will know when they were available.
On the contrary, some people argue that school rules are unnecessary. Students
are almost adults. They know very well how they should behave. Their parents have taught
them good habits and, when they were younger, their parents punished them if they
misbehaved. There is no need, these people say, for a long list of rules and regulations.
This picture of freedom is misleading. As teenagers, students don’t need silly rules
that tie them down unnecessarily, but they do not need a framework within which the school
can operate efficiently and fairly. Let’s keep our rules. They are good for us.
Example
The government has just published a report which suggests that
television is partly responsible for the serious increase in crime over the
last ten years. The exposure of violence or pornography harmfully effects
on children.
Many people who are alive today know what it is like to live in a
world without television. Television as we know is only about forty years
old. Yet it is so much a part of our lives that it seems as if it had always
existed.
Some people think that the years before the invention of
television were a better time. They claim that families talked more and did
more things together. More books were read. People used their
imaginations more fully. People got more outdoor exercises.
But other disagree. They claim that television is a powerful
educational education tool. It informs us of what is going on in the world,
from a famine in Africa to a local politics and fashion. It helps us
understand how people live, work and struggle.
Experts will probably continue to argue about television’s value.
But everyone agrees that it is one of the most significant inventions of the
twentieth century.