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TOPIC : STANDARD GAIT CYCLE

NAME : BAKHTAWAR SAFDAR
SUBMITTED TO : DR. ABDUR RASHAD
SUBJECT : KINESIOLOGY
DATE : 04 – 12 – 20
INSTITUTE’S NAME : UNITED COLLEGE OF PHYSICAL THERAPY
 GAIT
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What is Gait?

A manner of Walking or moving

on foot .

a sequence of foot
movements
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NORMAL GAIT

• Series of rhythmical , altering movements

of the trunk and limbs which result in the
forward progression of the Centre of
gravity .
• It may differ from individual to individual.
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GAIT CYCLE
• Defined as period of time from one heel strike to
the next heel strike of the same limb.
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PHASES
• The gait cycle consists of two phases :
 stance phase
 swing phase
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There are two
main phases of
walk .

Weight bearing : contact

phase ( weight on foot )

Non weight bearing :

no contact swing
phase ( no weight on
the foot )
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PHASES OF GAIT CYCLE

STANCE GAIT CYCLE

SWING
PHASE PHASE

Initial contact Initial swing

Loading response Mid-swing
Mid stance Terminal swing
Terminal stance
Pre-swing
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Stance phase
• Begins when the heel of
one leg strikes the ground
and ends when the toe of
the same leg lifts off.
• Constitutes approximately
60% of the gait cycle.
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Swing phase
• Swing phase represents
the period between a toe
off on one foot and heel
contact on the same foot.
• It constitutes
approximately 40% of the
gait cycle.
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GAIT TERMINOLOGIES

• Time and distance are two basic parameters of

motion.
Temporal ( Time ) variables
Distance ( spatial ) variable
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Temporal Variables

1. Single limb support time

2. Double limb support time
3. Cadence
4. Speed
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Single limb support time

Amount of time that is spent

during the period when only
one extremity is on the
supporting surface is a gait
cycle.
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Double limb support time

Amount of time that is spent during the period

when both feet are on the ground during one
gait cycle.
o It may increase in elder patients and those
having balance disorders.
o It decreases when speed of walking increases.
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Cadence
• Number of steps per
unit time
• Normal : 100 – 115
steps / min
• Cultural / social
variations
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Speed ( velocity )

• Distance covered by body in a unit time

• m/s
• Varies during gait cycle
• Average velocity (m/min) = step length ( m) × cadence
(steps/min)
1. V ( avg. ) = 80m / min
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Distance variables

1. Stride length
2. Step length
3. Degree of toe out
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Stride length
• Distance between successive points of heel contact of same foot .
• Double the step length ( in normal gait )
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Step length
• Distance between corresponding successive points of heel contact
of the opposite feet.
• Right step length = left step length ( in normal gait )
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Degree of toe out
• It represents the angle of foot
placement .
• Found by measuring the angle
formed by each foot’s line of
progression and the line intersecting
the center of heel and second toe.
• It is about 7 degree.
• It varies as the speed varies.
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REFERENCE
REFERENCE
THE PRINCIPLES OF EXERCISE
THERAPY
BOOKS:

CLINICAL KINESIOLOGY

SOME GOOGLE SUPPORT

CLASS LECTURES
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