Comparative effects of inorganic and three forms of organic trace minerals

on growth performance, carcass traits, immunity, and profitability of broilers

Reviewed by
Amgad Alhabian
Nov 26th 2020
ANSC 840
Who conducted the research? What were/are
their interests?
• The research was published in March 2019 and done at Department
of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh,
Bangladesh by Anguara Khatun1 and his associate and research team.
• This research was conducted to investigate the comparative effects of
inorganic trace minerals (ITM) and three forms of organic trace
minerals (OTM) (propionate, metho-chelated, and proteinate) on
growth performance, edible meat yield, immunity, and profitability of
commercial broilers(cobb500)
What was the objective of the study Why did the authors do this
research?
 
• various forms of organic minerals may vary in their retention rate and
consequently their effect on productivity, meat yield, and other traits
may also differ, and therefore, their comparative efficacy needs
investiga­tion.
• This study was designed to investigate the comparative effect of
different forms of OTM (propi­onate, metho-chelated, and proteinate)
side by side with commonly used ITM on growth performance, edible
meat yield characteristics, and antibody titer (AT) level against
infectious bursal disease (IBD) and cost effectiveness in commercial
broilers.
Overview of mineral nutrition in poultry

• The chicken requires at least 14 inorganic elements for proper

nutrition (Scott et al. 1982).
• 1-The essential macro-minerals include Ca, P, potassium (K), sodium
(Na) and chlorine (Cl). Calcium and P are essential for the formation
and maintenance of the skeleton.
• 2-The common essential trace minerals include Mg, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu,
molybdenum (Mo), selenium (Se), iodine (I) and cobalt (Co).
 Malfunctions of Trace minerals in poultry
• Mineral deficiency occur when:
• May be sufficient amount in diet
• Interaction between minerals
• Presence of Anti nutritional factors : Phytate , Oxalate, Gossypol
• Factor affecting absorption :
• Chemical form – Organic, Inorganic
• Other dietary factor –pH, Solubility, Bioavailability etc
• Trace minerals sources and function of – Organic Vs Inorganic

• Drinking water, feed ingredients and supplemental of inorganic salts

or organic trace minerals.
• Inorganic TM: salts easily release free ions which are very reactive and
can form complexes with other dietary molecules that are difficult to
absorb in the animal’s intestinal tract (Close 1999).
• Organic TM :the metal ion is bound by electrovalency, donor atoms
donate electrons to an acceptor metal atom, and once this donor-
acceptor complex is formed, it is very difficult to distinguish this
coordinate bond from a covalent bond (Kratzer 1986).
Classification of organic minerals
Methodology
T1 control diet with ITM premix at 1 kg/ ton of feed  

T2 chicks was fed diet 2 containing the control diet supplemented  

with propio­nate minerals at 600 gm/ton Propionic acid is the ligand attached to metal propionates

T3 was maintained containing control diet supplemented with metho- Metal Aminoacid Chelate – The product resulting from the reaction of a metal ion from a
chelated trace minerals at 500 gm/ton by reducing 225 gm soluble metal salt with amino acid (methionine) bonds.
methionine/ton  

T4 chicks was fed diet 4 containing control diet supplemented with Proteinate is a particular type of chelate, in which the mineral is chelated with short-chain
proteinate trace minerals at 500 gm/ton of feed peptides and amino acids derived from hydrolysed soy proteins and contain roughly 10-20% of
the trace mineral. In proteinates, minerals are bound to various amino acids with different
levels of stability.

The ingredient and nutrient composition of the control diet are shown in table1
 
Methodology
What techniques were used and how was
each technique performed
1-Growth performance, carcass yield data were recorded. Data were analyzed and interpreted using SAS
Computer Package Program version 9.1.
2-Body weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survivability were measured at 7, 14, 21, 28,
and 35 days of age, respectively. Temperature and relative humidity (RH) both at chick level were
recorded four times
3-broilers were cut into different major parts such as breast, thigh, drumstick, and wing. Finally, each
cutup parts were weighed and recorded. Carcass yield was calculated by combining male and female
data.
4- Antibody titer (AT) Total number of collected samples was 8, 20, 40, and 40 on days 6, 10, 17, and 35,
respectively AT against IBD was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test
5-Cost of production was calculated based on some specific items such as chicks, feed, vaccine, test
ingredients, and casual labor.
1-the productive performance of broil­ers receiving diets supplemented with inorganic and three
forms of OTM
2- Edible meat yield characteristics of broilers fed ITM and different forms of OTM
4- The birds belonging to OTM groups showed significantly higher AT level against infectious
bursal disease
5- Proteinate minerals groups T4 showed higher prof­itability followed by propionate fed
broilers
Paper’s conclusion

• The effects of feeding propionate and proteinate OTM to broilers on

growth performance are either similar to or bet­ter than their inorganic
counterpart and metho-chelated OTM.
• Wing meat was increased in proteinate fed group compared with
propionate and metho-chelated minerals and inorganic minerals.
• The highest AT against IBD was produced in propionate fed broilers
compared with birds that received other organic minerals and inorganic
minerals.
• Finally, using proteinate mineral was the most cost effective
The objectives of TM chelates in poultry
• Reduction of antagonism, interferences and competition among minerals.
• Improve the bioavailability of minerals
• Counteract antinutritional factors, which affecting minerals
• Performance improvement
• Health improvement (immune status, functional nutrition)
• Improvement in animal produces quality (FCR ,egg )
• Reduce degenerative effect of trace minerals on vitamins in premixes and feed.
• Protect environment by reducing metal pollution.
The authors contributions ?
• What are the objectives of this study, what are the Factors affecting the utilization
of OTM(bird age, TM balance in the diet, chemical function of the chelates and its
stability ; charges, shape, dimensions..
For example OTM that formed by EDTA, does indeed protect the metal from
chemical reactions in the gastrointestinal tract [5]

• The paper is lacking information about Minimal, optimal and maximal levels
(mg/kg) of ITM vs OTM in the diet for broilers[1]

• There is limitation with the current methods used in determination of mineral

availability and their efficacy.
References

• [1] Y. Bao, M. Choct, Trace mineral nutrition for broiler chickens and prospects of application
of organically complexed trace minerals: A review, Animal Production Science - ANIM PROD
SCI 49 (2009).
• [2] S. Świątkiewicz, A. Arczewska-Włosek, D. Jozefiak, The efficacy of organic minerals in
poultry nutrition: review and implications of recent studies, World's Poultry Science Journal
70(3) (2014) 475-486.
• [3] S.L. Vieira, Chelated minerals for poultry, Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science 10(2) (2008)
73-79.
• [4] T. Ao, J. Pierce, The replacement of inorganic mineral salts with mineral proteinates in
poultry diets, World's Poultry Science Journal 69(1) (2013) 5-16.
• [5] Factors Affecting Mineral Bioavailability page13 “Amino Acid Chelation in Human and
Animal Nutrition by H. DeWayne Ashmead”
THANK YOU AND ANY QUESTIONS