TOPIC 2: TYPES OF FOUNDATION

WEEK 3

FACTORS AFFECTING FOUNDATION

SELECTION
TYPE OF SHALLOW FOUNDATION
TYPE OF PILES AND CAPACITY.
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
 Learning Outcomes
Student should be able to:

• Discuss criterias for foundation

selection(CO2-PO10)
• Determine type of foundation(CO2-PO10)
FUNCTION OF A FOUNDATION

• To transmit load to the ground without

bearing capacity failure and excessive
settlement.

Bearing Pressure and Bearing Capacity

Concept
 Factors Affecting Foundation Selection

• Subsurface condition
• Type and magnitude of loading
• Type of structure
• Constraint – vibration, noise
• Cost
• Time
• Logistic
• Shallow Foundation
- pad footing, strip footing, raft foundation
Not more than 3m. A basement though may used shallow
foundation if the ground is adequate.

Deep Foundation
Cast in situ pile, driven or jack in pile.
 Deep Foundation

FUNCTION OF PILES

Transmit load to deeper depth underneath the structure

when upper layer of soil too weak to support the load.

Resist horizontal force by bending.

Anchor a structure subjected to

uplifting.
Hold a structure where the base is subjected to erosion.
PILE
CLASSIFICATION
Pile classification based on materials
 
- concrete piles – 150RC square pile structural capacity
      

250kN, 400x400 – 1980kN

- Spun pile – 250mm diameter 460kN, 800mm diameter
3450kN
- timber piles- 100kN
      

bakau pile – 10kN, For Sustainability, Government

Projects not allowed to use bakau pile.
- steel pile
      

- composite piles
      

 
Pile classification based on installation
- Displacement piles : Driven piles, jacked piles
      

Non displacement piles : Bored pile, micropiles

• Advantages and limitations of certain type
of piles

Cost, availability, capacity, suitability for the

ground strata, noise, vibration,
machineries and rigs.
 
Pile classification based on functions
- compression piles
      

- tension piles
      

- batter/rake piles – resist lateral load. Max inclination 4:1 

      

 
Pile classification based on bearing
- end bearing piles
      

- friction piles
      

- partly end bearing and partly friction

      

 
 RAFT FOUNDATION

Covers the entire area under the structure, supporting several

columns and walls
For low bearing capacity
Pockets of loose soil
Or when individual spread footing covers more than 50% area.
TYPES OF RAFT FOUNDATION
Bearing Capacity of Raft
Foundation
Case study: Foundation of KL Tower
 Floating Foundation

Concept

Usage

Method of Construction

Water Proofing
 Basement Construction

Cut and fill method

Secant Pile Wall

Diaphragm Wall