Enhanced Survey Programme (ESP)

Condition Assessment Scheme (CAS) &

Condition Assessment Programme (CAP)

Presentation prepared by Capt. Dinyar Sidhva on 10th December 2016

 ESP - GENERAL

 IMO adopted a resolution A 744 (18) in 1994 SOLAS conference

with guidelines on the Enhanced survey programme for
inspection & surveys of bulk carriers, oil tankers, combination
carriers and chemical tankers .
 Enhanced survey programme is a guideline for owners of shipping
companies to prepare their ships for special surveys to maintain
the safety of the ship while at sea or in port. A survey programme
is to be prepared by the owner and is to be submitted to the
Administration or recognized authorities like classification
societies, 6 months prior to the survey.
 A new chapter XI was added in SOLAS for special measures to
enhance maritime safety & 2 Annexes under resolution A 744 (18) :
 Annex A: Guidelines on enhanced survey programme of
inspection during survey of bulk carrier.
 Annex B: Guidelines on enhanced survey programme of
inspection during survey of oil tankers.
 ESP – PURPOSE & APPLICATION

 Due to a spate of accidents and loss of vessels resulting from the

adverse effects of corrosion, ESP became mandatory in 1996 under
SOLAS regulation XI-2 for bulk carriers, oil tankers, combination
carriers & chemical tankers which are subject to an enhanced
programme of inspections.
 The Guidelines apply to surveys of hull structure & piping systems
in way of cargo holds, cofferdams, pipe tunnels, void spaces within
the cargo length area & all ballast tanks. The surveys should be
carried out as prescribed by the SOLAS Convention.
 The Guidelines contain the extent of examination, thickness
measurements and tank testing. The survey should be extended
when substantial corrosion and/or structural defects are found &
include additional close-up surveys when necessary.
 The intention of these Guidelines is to ensure that an
appropriate level of review of plans and documents is conducted
and consistency maintained in implementing the
requirements.
 ESP – SCOPE OF SURVEY

 Prior to inspection, the surveyor examines the completeness of

documentation on board (survey status, main structural
drawings, previous survey inspection reports, corrosion
protection & vessel’s maintenance levels) as a basis for the
survey.
 When significant corrosion or structural defects are identified
which impair the structural integrity of the ship, then remedial
action in consultation with the Administration shall be agreed
with the owner & implemented for the ship to continue in service.
 ESP – EXTENT OF SURVEYS

 The survey should cover cargo holds, ballast tanks, pipe tunnels,
cofferdams, voids spaces and piping systems and supplemented
by thickness measurement and testing.
 A survey in dry dock should be part of the ESP with a minimum of
two inspections during the 5-year period of the safety construction
certificate. In all cases, the maximum interval between bottom
inspections should not exceed 36 months.
 The enhanced survey may be commenced at the fourth annual
survey and be progressed during the succeeding year with a view to
completion by the fifth anniversary date.
 If a survey in dry-dock is not completed in conjunction with the
enhanced survey during periodical survey or if the 36 month
maximum interval, the Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate
should cease to be valid until a survey in dry-dock is completed.
 ESP – EXTENT OF SURVEY

 Enhanced surveys are carried out during annual, intermediate and

periodical surveys.
 The extent of the enhanced survey will be dependant on the
findings of the survey, as also the age of the vessel.
 ESP – PREPARATION FOR SURVEY

 Provide safe access in tanks & spaces– gas freed, and ventilated.
 Ensure removal from tank and other surfaces of all loose
accumulated corrosion scale in preparation for survey, thickness
measurements and to allow for a thorough examination.
 Sufficient illumination to reveal corrosion, deformation, fractures,
damages or other structural deterioration.
 Means provided to enable the Surveyor to examine the structure in
a safe and practical way. e.g. Permanent / temporary staging and
passages through structures; lifts & movable platforms, boats or
rafts, safety harness, whistle & other equipment.
 An effective communication system is to be set up between the
survey party in the tank and the responsible officer on deck.
 Survey at sea or anchorage may be undertaken only after the
Surveyor is fully satisfied with the necessary arrangements and
assistance from the personnel on board.
 CAS - GENERAL

MARPOL’s Condition Assessment Scheme (CAS) is a

mandatory statutory survey scheme that non-double
hull oil tankers must satisfactorily complete (with no
outstanding recommendations) by 15 years of age or by
the first intermediate or renewal survey due after 5 April
2005, whichever occurs later, in order to trade to their
respective phase out date as per MARPOL 13G.

CAS is required to be conducted in conjunction with the

mandatory Enhanced Survey Program (ESP) and builds
upon ESP by requiring additional thickness
measurements and close-up surveys. Relative to ESP,
CAS is unique in two respects:
 CAS - GENERAL

1. CAS contains very specific responsibilities and

deadlines for planning the survey, which must begin 8
months in advance of the survey’s commencement;
and
2. The Flag Administration must review/monitor the
survey and reporting process and issue the five-year
full term CAS Statement of Compliance.
 CAP - GENERAL

Condition Assessment Program (CAP)

Voluntary service offered by some IACS Members. There is no
complete harmonization of the CAP programs offered by IACS
Members.
It is a specialized survey program which offers owners a detailed
assessment of a ship's actual condition, based on strength
evaluation, and an on-site systematic inspection of the hull,
machinery and cargo systems.
Unlike CAS, CAP may require fatigue strength assessment to be
also carried out.
Five grades (ratings) are used to identify each item surveyed. These
range from “very good condition” to “unsatisfactory condition”.
With CAP, owners can be confident that they have an accurate
assessment of the ships actual condition.
 CAP - APPLICABILITY

CAP being a voluntary service can be applied in

principle, to oil tankers, chemical carriers and bulk
carriers, though other types of ships may be covered,
provided that CAP is properly modified.
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CAP & CAS

The following additional provisions would need to

be implemented in order for a CAP survey to qualify
for CAS certification:
1) An internal review of survey reports would need
to be carried out by persons that were not
directly involved in the CAP survey;
2) More extensive and “positive” reporting of
conditions found would be required (if no
defects are found it should be so stated);
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CAP & CAS

3) Planning would need to start 8 months in

advance of the planned CAP survey and such
planning would need to use the CAS model plan
and questionnaire. This would require greater
involvement of the owner and Administration;
4) A dry docking survey would be required;
5) Attendance by two exclusive surveyors would be
required; and
6) Additional thickness measurements and close-
up surveys may be necessary, depending on the
oil tanker’s age.
 MARPOL’S CAS v/s IACS’ CAP

CAS, as amended by CAP

MEPC.112(50)
Approval Criteria
-Equivalent to ESP requirements. -Five Grades are used to identify
-No recommendations / each item surveyed.
conditions can exist. -Survey is not limited to hull
-Final Report shall be reviewed structure and extends to machinery,
internally by RO’s personnel not equipment and cargo handling.
engaged in any way whatsoever
with the CAS Survey or Planning
Document
-Review of Final Report and
issuance of CAS Certificate is by
the Flag State.
 MARPOL’S CAS v/s IACS’ CAP

Reporting
-Positive reporting required (if no defects Extent of reporting is generally in check-sheet
are found, it shall be so stated). format and is not as extensive as CAS, except
-Itemized list of findings is to provide an for the amount of photographs.
auditable trail.
-Locations in each space where close-up
surveys and gaugings were carried out
must be identified.
-The location, description and extent of
cracks, buckling, corrosion (grooving /
pitting), coatings, anodes and indents
must be reported.
-Location, method and extent of repairs
and items to be kept under observation
are to be identified.
-Sufficient photos to represent the general
condition of each space must be taken to
supplement the report.
 MARPOL’S CAS v/s IACS’ CAP

Time Schedule
-Must be aligned with Intermediate or -Can be carried out at any time.
Special Survey.
Survey Planning
-A rigid planning schedule, starting 8 -The owner, in cooperation with the RO
months prior to survey commencement, is to work out a survey program in
must be met. advance.
-The owner must complete the Survey -Survey planning meeting is to be
Planning Questionnaire concerning the documented
history of tank cleaning, use of IGS, and
cargo / ballast carried as well as reports
of structural inspections, SMS audits
carried out by the Company and RO
and PSC records.
-Survey Plan, with minimum specific
contents, must be agreed by owner and
class
 MARPOL’S CAS v/s IACS’ CAP

Conditions for Survey

-Must include dry dock survey -Dry dock survey or under water
-Minimum safe access provisions, inspection while afloat is acceptable.
including means of communication -Minimum safe access provisions are
and conditions for rafting are consistent with CAS as are conditions
specified. for rafting.
-Two qualified exclusive surveyors -Two surveyors are required, but they
to carry out survey need not be exclusive surveyors
-Prior to commencement of survey no
repairs should have to be done to hull
and machinery.

Internal Examination
All cargo and ballast tanks All cargo and ballast tanks
 MARPOL’S CAS v/s IACS’ CAP

Thickness Measurements
-TM Firm must be approved by the RO. -TM Firm must be approved by the RO. One
One exclusive surveyor is to attend to surveyor must always be in attendance.
control the TM process. -The extent of gauging is more extensive than
-Although thickness measurements vary CAS for tankers of 15 years of age or less, but is
between SS 3 to SS 4 based on ESP, CAS less extensive than CAS for tanker more than
will govern as under: 15 years of age.
• 3 transverse sections within the cargo -CAS more extensively specifies the
area; representative areas of a given structural
• Each bottom plate within the cargo area; member to be measured. -UT readings are
• Internal structure of fore & aft peak tks.; used for structural evaluation for the “As
• All members subject to close-up
inspection. Gauged” condition.
• Selected wind and water strakes outside
cargo area and all wind and water strakes
within cargo area.
• All exposed main deck plates. ESP
specifies at least two readings for each
plate.
 MARPOL’S CAS v/s IACS’ CAP
Close-up Surveys
Prescriptive minimum requirements
of ESP, plus CAS:
• All web frame rings in all ballast
tanks;
• All web frame rings in a cargo tank;
• 30% of the web frames in remaining
cargo tanks
• All transverse bulkheads
• 30% of the deck and bottom
transverses in each centre cargo tank
• Additional areas based on
knowledge of Critical Structural
Areas (e.g., fatigue analysis) if
available
-The extent of close-up survey is not as
clearly specified as it is in CAS, but
allows exceptions where a full coating is
found to be in “Good” condition.
-CAP may not be as extensive as CAS
-Fatigue analysis completed prior to
survey commencement in order to have
the Surveyors specifically examine and
report on any areas that are found with a
high fatigue sensitivity index rating.
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION