MULTILINGUAL VS BILINGUAL MT

SYSTEMS. UNIDERECTIONAL AND

BIDIRECTIONAL MT SYSTEMS
PERFORMED BY SECOND-YEAR STUDENT
( S U B G R O U P 1 ) N ATA L I I A S H Y K I N A
 bilingual
Systems
multilingual
 BILINGUAL SYSTEMS

• Bilingual systems – systems that are designed for two

particular languages.
They may be:

unidirectional bidirectional
Language1 Language2 Language1 Language2
BILINGUAL SYSTEMS

Also bilingual systems may be:

reversible non-reversible

Language analysis

Step 1 – Step 2 – Step 3

Language generation
 BILINGUAL SYSTEMS

• Such a bilingual system is best represented as:

Language1 Language2 + Language1 Language2

instead of

Language1 Language2
 BILINGUAL SYSTEMS

• Direct translation is a word by word translation approach. It

directly translates the source language to the target language.
It is unidirectional bilingual machine translation. It
requires huge amount of morphological analysis but only a
little syntax and semantic analysis is required.
 MULTILINGUAL SYSTEMS

• A system involving more than two languages is a

multilingual system, in an extreme case with a large number
of languages in every combination.
• In other words it is a computerized system that is designed to
translate source text from various natural languages into
target text of another natural languages.
 MULTILINGUAL SYSTEMS

• A more modest multilingual system might translate from

English into three other languages in one direction only (i.e.
three language pairs).

• Sometimes multilingual systems do not cover all the possible

combinations of pairs and directions.

• A 'truly' multilingual system is one in which analysis and

generation components for a particular language remain
constant (and separate) whatever other languages are involved.
 EUROTRA

• A great example is Eurotra system, which was designed to be

a multilingual system between the languages of the EEC
(European Economic Community).

• This project is unique in that it comprises 72 language pairs.

 EUROTRA

• EUROTRA uses a variant of the transfer model for machine

translation, i.e. the translation process is broken down into
three modules - analysis, transfer, generation.
text ——---- IS ----— IS' ------------- text'
analysis transfer generation
• This is generally acknowledged to be a very good scheme for
multilingual machine translation, as it restricts the bilingual
treatments to the transfer modules: only one analysis
module is made for each language, and only one generation
module.
 CONCLUSION

• Systems are designed either for two particular languages

(bilingual systems) or for more than a single pair of
languages (multilingual systems). Bilingual systems may
be designed to operate either in only one direction
(unidirectional), e.g. from Japanese into English, or in
both directions (bidirectional). Multilingual systems are
usually intended to be bidirectional; most bilingual
systems are unidirectional.