PREPARED BY:

Lesson:Gases MS. RONALYN A. GESMUNDO

OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson you will be able:
Compare and contrast solid, liquid and
gas
Explain the behavior of gases of the
Kinetic Molecular Theory(KMT)
Solve problems involving Boyle’s Law
 KINETIC
MOLECULAR
THEORY
 Kinetic Molecular Theory
Kinetic Theory states that the tiny particles
in all forms of matter are in constant
motion.
– Kinetic refers to motion
– Helps you understand the behavior of solid,
liquid, and gas atoms/molecules as well as
the physical properties
– Provides a model behavior based off three
principals
 BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF
KMT
Imagine that you are walking along the
corridor of your school and you suddenly
smell something fragrant. You have found out
that the source came form your classmate
who sprayed perfume approximately 100
meters away. From that distance, you
suddenly realized why you were able to smell
the perfume. The gas molecules in the air
interacted with the molecules of the perfume.
BASIC ASSUMPTION OF KMT
POSTULATE # 1:Particle Volume
A gas consists of a large
collection of individual particles.
The volume of an individual
particle is extremely small, as
compared to the volume of its
container
BASIC ASSUMPTION OF KMT
POSTULATE # 2:Particle Motion
Gas particles are in constant,
random straight-line motion,
except when they collide with the
walls of the container or with one
another
 BASIC ASSUMPTION OF KMT

POSTULATE # 3:Particle Collision

Collision of gas particles are elastic.
The colliding gas particles or
molecules exchange energy but they
do not lost any energy through
friction. Total KE is constant. Gas
particles do not influence each other
 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES

Volume
Temperature
Amount of Substance
Pressure
Density
 VOLUME
defined as the space
occupied of a matter Units:
Volume of the gas –L
takes the volume of
its container – ml
1 L = 1 000 ml – m3
1 ml = 1 cm3 – cm3
1 m3 = 1 000 cm3
 TEMPERATURE
At a higher
temperature, gas Units:
molecules move
rapidly – °K
At a lower
temperature, gas – °C
molecules moves
slowly – °F
 TEMPERATURE
Lord Kelvin
– a Scottish physicist who has
identified the lowest attainable
temperature known as absolute
zero ( -273.15 °C)
– Kelvin Scale
– K = °C + 273
 TEMPERATURE
Celsius Kelvin Fahrenheit
Scale Scale Scale

Absolute
-273.15 0 - 460°
Zero
Freezing
point 0° 273. 15 32°
(water)
Boiling
pointing 100 ° 373.15 211.3°
(water)
 AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE
measures the size
Units:
of an ensemble of
particles, such as – moles (mol)
atoms, molecules,
electrons, and other
particles. 
 PRESSURE
Defined as the force exerted per
unit area
1 atm = 760mmHg
= 760 torr =76cmHg
= 101.325 kPa
 PRESSURE
Units:
– atmosphere (atm)
– pascal (Pa)
– Kilopascal (kPa)
– millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
– centimeters of mercury(cmHg)
– torr
– pounds per square inch (psi)
– N m3 ( Newton cubic meter)
 Unit Relationship of 1 atm
of Pressure
atmosphere (atm) 1 atm
Millimeter of mercury (mm Hg) 760 mm Hg
Centimeter of mercury (cm Hg) 76 cm Hg
torr 760 torr
inch of mercury 29.9 in hg
Pound per square inch (psi, lb/in2) 14.7 psi
Newton per square meter (N/m2) 101 325 N/m2
Pascal (Pa) 101 325 Pa
millibar (mb) 1013 25 mb
kilopascal 101.325 kPa
 INSTRUMENTS
Barometer
– used to measure
atmospheric pressure
Manometer
– used to measure gas
pressure other than the
atmosphere
STANDARD TEMPERATURE &
PRESSURE(STP)
STP
– Average pressure of the atmosphere at
sea level which is equal to 1atm or 760
torr.
– The STP of melting point of ice is 0°or
273 K
– The STP of one mole of gas occupies
volume of 22.4 L.
Properties of
Gases
 Properties of Gases:
1. Gas volume changes with pressure
2. Gas volume changes with
temperature
3. Gases have relatively low viscosity
4. Gases exert pressure
5. Gases are miscible