Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Governmental
Financial Auditing and
Operational Auditing
Chapter 25
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Learning Objective 1
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Internal Auditing
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Institute of Internal Auditors
Ethical Principles
Integrity Confidentiality
Objectivity Competency
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Relationship of Internal
and External Auditors
The
The external
external auditor
auditor isis responsible
responsible
to
to financial
financial statement
statement users.
users.
The
The internal
internal auditor
auditor isis responsible
responsible
to
to management.
management.
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Relationship of Internal
and External Auditors
Competency
Competency Methodology
Methodology
Objectivity
Objectivity Audit
Audit risk
risk model
model
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Learning Objective 2
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Governmental Financial Auditing
The
The primary
primary source
source of of authoritative
authoritative literature
literature
for
for performance
performance of of government
government audits
audits isis
Government
Government Auditing
Auditing Standards,
Standards,
which
which isis issued
issued by
by the
the GAO.
GAO.
Because
Because ofof the
the color
color of
of the
the cover,
cover, itit isis
usually
usually referred
referred to
to as
as the
the “Yellow
“Yellow Book.”
Book.”
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Governmental Financial Auditing
The
TheYellow
Yellow Book
Book standards
standards are
are often
often called
called
generally
generally accepted
accepted government
government auditing
auditing
standards
standards (GAGAS
(GAGAS or or GAS).
GAS).
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Financial Audit and Reporting
Requirements – Yellow Book
Materiality
Materiality and
and significance
significance
Quality
Quality control
control
Compliance
Compliance auditing
auditing
Reporting
Reporting
Working
Working papers
papers
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Audit and Reporting – Single Audit
Act and OMB Circular A-133
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Audit and Reporting – Single Audit
Act and OMB Circular A-133
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Audit Requirements
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Audit Requirements
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Reporting Requirements
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Reporting Requirements
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Operational Auditing
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Learning Objective 3
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Differences between
Operational
and Financial Auditing
Purpose of
the audit
Distribution of
the reports
Inclusion of
nonfinancial areas
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Learning Objective 4
Provide an overview of
operational audits.
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Effectiveness Versus Efficiency
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Effectiveness Versus Efficiency
Types of
Example
Inefficiency
Acquisition of goods and Bids for purchases of
services is excessively costly. materials are not required.
Raw materials are not An assembly line was shut
available when needed. down for lack of materials.
A duplication of effort by Production and accounting
employees exists. keep identical records.
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Relationship between
Operational
Auditing and Internal Controls
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Types of Operational Audits
Functional
Organizational
Special assignments
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Who Performs
Operational Audits
Internal
auditors
Government
auditors
CPA firms
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Independence and Competence
of Operational Auditors
Independence Competence
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Learning Objective 5
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Criteria for Evaluating
Efficiency and Effectiveness
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Criteria for Evaluating
Efficiency and Effectiveness
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Criteria for Evaluating
Efficiency and Effectiveness
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Sources of Criteria
Historical performance
Benchmarking
Engineers standards
Discussion and agreement
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Phases in Operational Auditing
Planning
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Planning
• Scope of engagement
• Staffing
• Background information
• Understand internal control
• Decide on appropriate evidence
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Evidence Accumulation
and Evaluation
• Documentation
• Client
• Observation
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Reporting Follow-up
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Examples of Operational
Audit Findings
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End of Chapter 25
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