CONDUC

TIVE
POLYME Diva Callista
R
Edela Uswah

Pasha Arrighi

Radifan Abrar
Introduction

● Polymers (or plastics as they are

also called) are known to have good
insulating properties
● Polymers are one of the most used
materials in the modern world.
Their uses and application range
from containers to clothing.
● They are used to coat metal wires
to prevent electric shocks.
 Conductivity can be defined simply by Ohms Law.
V= IR
Where R is the resistance, I the current and V the voltage
What is present in thematerial. The conductivity depends on the number
of charge carriers(number of electrons) in the material and their
Conductivity mobility.In a metal it isassumed that all the outer electrons are
free to carry charge and the impedance to flow of charge is
? mainly due to the electrons "bumping" in to each other. Thus for
metals as temperature is increased the resistance in the
material increases as the electrons bump in to each other more
as they are moving faster.

Insulators however have tightly bound electrons so that

nearly no electron flow occurs so they offer high resistance to
charge flow. So for conductance free electrons are needed.
How can plastic become conductive?
Plastics are polymers, molecules that form long
chains, repeating themselves. In becoming
electrically conductive, a polymer has to imitate a
metal, that is, its electrons need to be free to
move and not bound to the atoms. Polyacetylene
is the simplest possible conjugated polymer. It is
obtained by polymerisation of acetylene, shown
in the figure.
What makes the Three simple carbon compounds are
diamond, graphite and polyacetylene.
material conductive? They may be regarded as three- two-
and one-dimensional forms of carbon
materials .
Doping Process

the introduction of impurities into a semiconductor crystal to the defined

modification of conductivity.
The dopant is integrated into the lattice structure of the semiconductor
crystal, the number of outer electrons define the type of doping.

There are two types of doping

1. p-doping
2. n-doping
 The addition of trivalent
impurities such as boron,
aluminum or gallium to an
intrinsic semiconductor
creates deficiencies of
valence electrons, called
"holes". It is typical to use
B2H6 diborane gas to diffuse
boron into the silicon
material.
 The addition of pentavalent impurities such
as antimony, arsenic or phosphorus
contributes free electrons, greatly increasing
the conductivity of the intrinsic
semiconductor. Phosphorus may be added by
diffusion of phosphine gas (PH3).
Factors that affect the 1-Denesity of charge
carriers.
conductivity
2- Thier mobility.
3-The direction.
4-presence of doping
materials (additives that
facilitate the polymer
conductivity)
5-Temperature.
Applicatio
n
● Anti-static substance for photographic film
● Corrosion Inhibitors
● Compact capacitors
● Anti Static Coating
● Electromagnetic shielding for computers
● Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
● Solar cells
References

http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Solids/d
ope.html
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2001/parrott/pages/what_is_conductivity.htm

http://www.topac.com/documents/Conductivity%20G
uide.pdf